bionlp-ost-19-BB-norm-train  

BB-norm@ldeleger:BB-norm-20005916 JSONTXT

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue NCBI_Taxonomy OntoBiotope
T1 0-98 Title denotes Usage of signaling in neurodegeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves by leprosy bacteria.
T3 60-77 Habitat denotes peripheral nerves OBT:000765
T2 99-2262 Paragraph denotes Multiple signaling pathways play key regulatory roles during the development of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and also in neuroregeneration process following nerve degeneration. Schwann cells, the glial cells of the PNS, by interacting with neuronal (axonal) ligands, mainly neuregulins via receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) complex, ErbB2/ErbB3, initiate intracellular signaling pathways to drive proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells, both during development and the process of regeneration and re-myelination after nerve injury. One of the major signaling kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), that is also a downstream signaling pathway of neuregulin-ErbB2/ErbB3 activation, has been identified as a key regulator of Schwann cell proliferation, differentiation, demyelination and nerve regeneration. Recent studies have provided evidence that the bacterium that causes human leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae that has a unique capacity to invade Schwann cells of the adult PNS, utilizes the neuregulin-ErbB2/ErbB3 associated signaling network to the bacterial advantage. M. leprae directly bind to ErbB2 on myelinated Schwann cells and activate the RTK by a novel route that bypasses the classical neuregulin/growth factor-induced ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimerization, and subsequently induce downstream the canonical Erk1/2 signaling, leading to myelin breakdown and subsequent axonal damage. This initial injury provides a survival advantage for M. leprae as it induces de-differentiation and generates myelin-free cells, which are highly susceptible to M. leprae invasion and promote bacterial survival. Once invaded M. leprae activate Erk1/2 via a non-canonical pathway and subsequently increase the cell proliferation and maintain the infected cells in de-differentiated state, thereby preventing remyelination. Therefore, by subverting major RTKs and signaling pathways in adult Schwann cells M. leprae appear to propagate the bacterial niche and maintain survival within the PNS. These studies may also provide new insights into our understanding of signaling mechanisms involve in both neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration.
T4 179-204 Habitat denotes peripheral nervous system OBT:001251
T5 206-209 Habitat denotes PNS OBT:001251
T6 259-264 Habitat denotes nerve OBT:000765
T7 279-292 Habitat denotes Schwann cells OBT:000647
T8 298-320 Habitat denotes glial cells of the PNS OBT:000647
T9 317-320 Habitat denotes PNS OBT:001251
T10 533-546 Habitat denotes Schwann cells OBT:000647
T11 629-634 Habitat denotes nerve OBT:000765
T12 629-641 Habitat denotes nerve injury OBT:000970
T13 855-867 Habitat denotes Schwann cell OBT:000647
T14 918-923 Habitat denotes nerve OBT:000765
T15 1007-1012 Habitat denotes human OBT:002488
T16 1022-1042 Microorganism denotes Mycobacterium leprae 1769
T17 1080-1110 Habitat denotes Schwann cells of the adult PNS OBT:000647
T18 1101-1106 Habitat denotes adult OBT:003245
T19 1101-1110 Habitat denotes adult PNS OBT:001251
T20 1205-1214 Microorganism denotes M. leprae 1769
T21 1241-1265 Habitat denotes myelinated Schwann cells OBT:000647
T22 1535-1541 Habitat denotes injury OBT:000970
T23 1576-1585 Microorganism denotes M. leprae 1769
T24 1633-1650 Habitat denotes myelin-free cells OBT:000647
T25 1684-1693 Microorganism denotes M. leprae 1769
T26 1748-1757 Microorganism denotes M. leprae 1769
T27 1832-1836 Habitat denotes cell OBT:000647
T28 1868-1882 Habitat denotes infected cells OBT:000647
T29 2007-2012 Habitat denotes adult OBT:003245
T30 2007-2026 Habitat denotes adult Schwann cells OBT:000647
T31 2027-2036 Microorganism denotes M. leprae 1769
T32 2110-2113 Habitat denotes PNS OBT:001251