| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-62 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Extensive apoptosis in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. |
| T2 |
75-273 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
More than 50% of breast ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) contain significant histologic necrosis, an important prognostic factor for determining recurrence and progression to invasive breast cancer. |
| T3 |
274-484 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
We have examined whether the mechanism of this spontaneous cell death might be apoptosis, a genetically encoded suicide pathway that may be triggered by various events including dysregulated cell proliferation. |
| T4 |
494-893 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Twenty-five untreated DCIS cases accessioned at our institution were examined for subtype, grade, and presence of apoptosis using two criteria: (1) cellular morphology (shrinkage, nuclear condensation, fragmentation, apoptotic bodies, and lack of inflammatory component); and (2) terminal transferase (TUNEL) staining of DNA fragmentation, a characteristic though less specific feature of apoptosis. |
| T5 |
894-1039 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Immunohistochemical staining was also carried out to assess whether wild-type p53, a regulator of apoptosis, was associated with this cell death. |
| T6 |
1049-1209 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
In all 19 cases with intraductal necrosis, cellular morphology was consistent with apoptotic death, despite its presence within sheets of "geographic necrosis." |
| T7 |
1210-1279 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Additionally, the identical regions were all strongly TUNEL-positive. |
| T8 |
1280-1372 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
No evidence of TUNEL staining was seen in 5 Grade I DCIS cases without intraductal necrosis. |
| T9 |
1373-1473 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Immunohistochemical staining suggested that this apoptosis was independent of p53 mutational status. |
| T10 |
1487-1559 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Extensive intraductal necrosis in DCIS is likely to represent apoptosis. |
| T11 |
1560-1624 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
However, it is unlikely that this apoptosis is regulated by p53. |
| T12 |
1625-1812 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The apparently abundant apoptosis identified here, particularly in high grade DCIS, may be important in explaining why spontaneous cell death in DCIS is associated with a worse prognosis. |