| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-212 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Melatonin inhibits postischemic matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation via dual modulation of plasminogen/plasmin system and endogenous MMP inhibitor in mice subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. |
| T2 |
213-392 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
We have shown that melatonin attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation and decreased the risk of hemorrhagic transformation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. |
| T3 |
393-519 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Herein, we investigate the possible involvement of the plasminogen/plasmin system and endogenous MMPs inhibitor underlying the |
| T4 |
520-544 |
Token_Label.OUTSIDE |
denotes |
melatonin-mediated MMP-9 |
| T5 |
545-556 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
inhibition. |
| T6 |
557-652 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Mice were subjected to 1-hr ischemia and 48-hr reperfusion of the right middle cerebral artery. |
| T7 |
653-728 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously injected upon reperfusion. |
| T8 |
729-791 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Brain infarction and hemorrhagic transformation were measured. |
| T9 |
792-886 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Extracellular matrix damage was determined by Western immunoblot analysis for laminin protein. |
| T10 |
887-1025 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography, in situ zymography, and Western immunoblot analysis. |
| T11 |
1026-1173 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In addition, the activities of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA) were evaluated by plasminogen-dependent casein zymography. |
| T12 |
1174-1373 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Endogenous plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP-1) were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblot analysis, respectively. |
| T13 |
1374-1488 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced increased MMP-9 activity and expression at 12-48 hr after reperfusion onset. |
| T14 |
1489-1725 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Relative to controls, melatonin-treated animals had significantly decreased MMP-9 activity and expression (P<0.05), in addition to reduced brain infarction and hemorrhagic transformation as well as improved laminin protein preservation. |
| T15 |
1726-1730 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
This |
| T16 |
1731-1755 |
Token_Label.OUTSIDE |
denotes |
melatonin-mediated MMP-9 |
| T17 |
1756-1896 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
inhibition was accompanied by reduced uPA activity (P<0.05), as well as increased TIMP-1 expression and PAI activity (P<0.05, respectively). |
| T18 |
1897-1977 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
These results demonstrate the melatonin's pluripotent mechanisms for attenuating |
| T19 |
1978-1996 |
Token_Label.OUTSIDE |
denotes |
postischemic MMP-9 |
| T20 |
1997-2123 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
activation and neurovascular damage, and further support it as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke patients. |