| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-87 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In vivo migration of transplanted myoblasts requires matrix metalloproteinase activity. |
| T2 |
88-207 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Muscle cell migration and extracellular matrix remodeling are essential aspects of muscle development and regeneration. |
| T3 |
208-424 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
In this study, using a new technique to assess in vivo myoblast migration, we have confirmed previous results showing that the C(2)C(12) myoblast cell line exhibits a higher migratory capacity than primary myoblasts. |
| T4 |
425-654 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
To test the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for the migration of C(2)C(12) myoblasts, we determined whether a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor, BB94 (Batimastat), inhibited this process in vivo. |
| T5 |
655-754 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Pretreatment with BB94 for 3 days decreased the C(2)C(12) migration at 2 days after cell injection. |
| T6 |
755-926 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Since MMP expression is thus necessary for myoblast migration, we have undertaken the identification and characterization of the MMPs expressed by the C(2)C(12) cell line. |
| T7 |
927-1027 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
An RT-PCR assay was used to determine the pattern of MMP mRNA expression by the C(2)C(12) cell line. |
| T8 |
1028-1139 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The proteolytic activities of the MMPs secreted in the culture medium were also assessed by gelatin zymography. |
| T9 |
1140-1364 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
The results showed that MMP2 (gelatinase A, 72-kDa type IV collagenase) and MT1-MMP transcripts were expressed by this cell line; however, only MMP2 was secreted and was able to be activated in the extracellular environment. |
| T10 |
1365-1481 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
This cell line failed to express MMP9 (gelatinase B, 92-kDa type IV collagenase), stromelysine 2, or stromelysine 3. |
| T11 |
1482-1598 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Our observation that the membrane type MMP (MT1-MMP) transcript is also expressed by the C(2)C(12) suggests that the |
| T12 |
1599-1611 |
Token_Label.OUTSIDE |
denotes |
MMP2 proform |
| T13 |
1612-1656 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
(pro-MMP2), may be activated by the MT1-MMP. |
| T14 |
1657-1900 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
This possibility is supported by our observation that the pretreatment of C(2)C(12) with concanavalin A (which is known to induce the expression of MT1-MMP) resulted in the processing of pro-MMP2 to its mature form, in a dose-dependent manner. |
| T15 |
1901-2025 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Overexpression and activation of MMP2 in normal myoblasts showed significant increased migration of mouse myoblasts in vivo. |
| T16 |
2026-2163 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Our finding that MMP2 and MT1-MMP gene are coexpressed by C(2)C(12) myoblasts could account for the high migratory capacity of C(2)C(12). |
| T17 |
2164-2273 |
DRI_Unspecified |
denotes |
Together these results supported the importance of MMP2 and its activation by MT1-MMP for myoblast migration. |
