Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
102-246 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Bisected, complex N-glycans on glycoproteins are generated by the glycosyltransferase MGAT3 and cause reduced cell surface binding of galectins. |
T2 |
247-480 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Previously, we showed that MGAT3 reduces growth factor signaling and retards mammary tumor progression driven by the Polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) expressed in mammary epithelium under the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. |
T3 |
481-614 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
However, the penetrance of the tumor phenotype became variable in mixed FVB/N and C57BL/6 female mice and we therefore investigated a |
T4 |
637-659 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
(-/-)/MMTV-PyMT model. |
T5 |
660-684 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
In the absence of MGAT3, |
T6 |
698-834 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
(-/-)/MMTV-PyMT females exhibited accelerated tumor appearance and increased tumor burden, glucose uptake in tumors and lung metastasis. |
T7 |
835-950 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Nevertheless, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 or protein kinase B (AKT) was reduced in |
T8 |
978-999 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
tumors lacking MGAT3. |
T9 |
1000-1146 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein tyrosine kinase Src, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were similar to that of controls. |
T10 |
1147-1378 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
All the eight mouse galectin genes were expressed in mammary tumors and tumor epithelial cells (TECs), but galectin-2 and -12 were not detected by western analysis in tumors, and galectin-7 was not detected in 60% of the TEC lines. |
T11 |
1379-1461 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
From microarray data reported for human breast cancers, at least 10 galectin and 7 |
T12 |
1492-1640 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
(GlcNAc)-transferase (MGAT) genes are expressed in tumor tissue, and expression often varies significantly between different breast cancer subtypes. |
T13 |
1641-2077 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
Thus, in summary, while MGAT3 and bisected complex N-glycans retard mouse mammary tumor progression, genetic background may modify this effect; identification of key galectins that promote mammary tumor progression in mice is not straightforward because all the eight galectin genes are expressed; and high levels of MGAT3, galectin-4, -8, -10, -13 and -14 transcripts correlate with better relapse-free survival in human breast cancer. |