PubMed_ArguminSci  

PubMed:22997241 JSONTXT 59 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 74-262 DRI_Challenge denotes Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most widespread infections in humans and animals, and is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients.
T2 263-392 DRI_Outcome denotes Toxoplasma gondii is unique as it can invade virtually any nucleated cell, although the mechanisms are not completely understood.
T3 393-556 DRI_Challenge denotes Parasite attachment to the host cell is a prerequisite for reorientation and penetration and likely requires the recognition of molecules at the host cell surface.
T4 557-760 DRI_Outcome denotes It has been reported that the affinity of tachyzoites, the invasive form of T. gondii, for host cells can be inhibited by a variety of soluble-sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparan sulfate.
T5 761-935 DRI_Approach denotes Using heparin-functionalized zeolites in the absence of host cells, we visualized heparin-binding sites on the surface of tachyzoites by confocal and atomic force microscopy.
T6 936-1044 DRI_Outcome denotes Furthermore, we report that protein components of the parasite rhoptry, dense granule and surface bind GAGs.
T7 1045-1190 DRI_Background denotes In particular, the proteins ROP2 and ROP4 from the rhoptry, GRA2 from the dense granules and the surface protein SAG1 were found to bind heparin.
T8 1191-1415 DRI_Outcome denotes The binding specificities and affinities of individual parasite proteins for natural heparin and heparin oligosaccharides were determined by a combination of heparin oligosaccharide microarrays and surface plasmon resonance.
T9 1416-1792 DRI_Outcome denotes Our results suggest that interactions between sulfated GAGs and parasite surface antigens contribute to T. gondii attachment to host cell surfaces as well as initiating the invasion process, while rhoptries and dense granule organelles may play an important role during the establishment of the infection and during the life of the parasite inside the parasitophorous vacuole.