Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
164-274 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Lambs respond to vaccination against bacteria and viruses but have a poor immunological response to nematodes. |
T2 |
275-344 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
Here we report that they are protected against the parasitic nematode |
T3 |
366-460 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
after vaccination with excretory/secretory (ES) glycoproteins using Alhydrogel as an adjuvant. |
T4 |
461-683 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Lambs immunized with ES in Alhydrogel and challenged with 300 L3 larvae/kg body weight had a reduction in cumulative egg output of 89% and an increased percentage protection of 54% compared with the adjuvant control group. |
T5 |
684-856 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Compared to the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, Alhydrogel induced earlier onset and significantly higher ES- specific IgG, IgA, and IgE antibody responses. |
T6 |
857-1004 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
In all vaccinated groups a substantial proportion of the antibody response was directed against glycan epitopes, irrespective of the adjuvant used. |
T7 |
1005-1173 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
In lambs vaccinated with ES in Alhydrogel but not in any other group a significant increase was found in antibody levels against the GalNAcbeta1,4 (Fucalpha1,3)GlcNAc ( |
T8 |
1193-1322 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
, LDNF) antigen, a carbohydrate antigen that is also involved in the host defense against the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. |
T9 |
1323-1452 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
In lambs the LDNF-specific response increased from the first immunization onward and was significantly higher in protected lambs. |
T10 |
1453-1558 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In addition, an isotype switch from LDNF-specific IgM to IgG was induced that correlated with protection. |
T11 |
1559-1748 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
These data demonstrate that hyporesponsiveness of lambs to H. contortus can be overcome by vaccination with ES glycoproteins in a strong T-helper 2 type response-inducing aluminum adjuvant. |
T12 |
1749-1882 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
This combination generated high and specific antiglycan antibody responses that may contribute to the vaccination-induced protection. |