PubMed_ArguminSci  

PubMed:12594522 JSONTXT 6 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 135-265 DRI_Background denotes Nickel subsulfide is used in the manufacture of lithium batteries and is a major component in the refining of certain nickel ores.
T2 266-444 DRI_Approach denotes Nickel subsulfide was nominated as part of a class study of nickel compounds, for which there was little information on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of inhalation exposure.
T3 445-738 DRI_Outcome denotes Male and female F334/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to nickel subsulfide (at least 97% pure; the mean value for the mass median aerodynamic diameter at each exposure concentration ranged from 2.0 to 2.2 mm by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years.
T4 739-873 DRI_Background denotes Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, and mouse peripheral blood samples were analyzed for frequency of
T5 904-917 DRI_Background denotes erythrocytes.
T6 918-1235 DRI_Outcome denotes 16-DAY STUDY IN RATS: Groups of five male and five female F344/N rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) (equivalent to 0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.83, 3.65, and 7.33 mg nickel/m(3)) 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for a total of 12 exposure days during a 16-day period.
T7 1236-1359 DRI_Background denotes Additionalmgroups of three male and three female rats were exposed to 0, 0.6, 2.5, or 10 mg/m(3) for tissue burden studies.
T8 1360-1494 DRI_Approach denotes One male exposed to 10 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) in the core study died on day 14; all other rats survived until the end of the study.
T9 1495-1697 DRI_Outcome denotes Final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of males exposed to 5 or 10 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) and females exposed to 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/m(3) were significantly lower than those of the controls.
T10 1698-1872 DRI_Background denotes Clinical findings of toxicity on day 5 of the study included labored respiration in 10 mg/m(3) males and 5 and 10 mg/m(3) females and dehydration in 5 and 10 mg/m(3) females.
T11 1873-2082 DRI_Background denotes Absolute and relative lung weights of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/m(3) males and all exposed groups of females were significantlymgreater than those of the controls, as was the absolute lung weight of 1.2 mg/m(3) males.
T12 2083-2186 DRI_Background denotes Inflammation of the lung and atrophy of the nasal olfactory epithelium occurred in all exposed mgroups.
T13 2187-2355 DRI_Outcome denotes The concentrations of nickel in the lungs of exposedmgroups of rats increased with exposure concentration (males, 7 to 67 mg nickel/g lung; females, 9 to 77 mg/g lung).
T14 2356-2610 DRI_Outcome denotes 16-DAY STUDY IN MICE: Groups of five male and five female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to atmospheres containing 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for a total of 12 exposure days during a 16-day period.
T15 2611-2734 DRI_Background denotes Additional groups of three male and three female mice were exposed to 0, 0.6, 2.5, or 10 mg/m(3) for tissue burden studies.
T16 2735-2891 DRI_Outcome denotes All male and female mice exposed to 10 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) in the core study died before the end of the study; the death of one female was accidental.
T17 2892-2993 DRI_Background denotes One control male, one control female, and one 1.2 mg/m(3) male also died before the end of the study.
T18 2994-3116 DRI_Outcome denotes Final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of 5 mg/m(3) males were significantly lower than those of the controls.
T19 3117-3205 DRI_Background denotes Clinical findings at day 5 included labored respiration in 10 mg/m(3) males and females.
T20 3206-3438 DRI_Background denotes The absolute lung weight of 5 mg/m(3) males, the absolute and relative lung weights of 10 mg/m(3) males and 5 mg/m(3) females, and the relative lung weight of 10 mg/m(3) females were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T21 3439-3741 DRI_Outcome denotes Inflammation of the lung occurred in 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/m(3) male and female mice, fibrosis of the lung occurred in 5 mg/m(3) males and females, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph nodes and atrophy of the nasal olfactory epithelium occurred in 1.2, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/m(3) males and females.
T22 3742-4187 DRI_Outcome denotes Nickel concentrations in the lung of exposed male and female mice were greater than those of the controls (males, 10 to 20 mg nickel/g lung; females, 8 to 20 mg/g lung) 13-WEEK STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 10 male and 10 female F344/N rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.5 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) (equivalent to 0, 0.11, 0.22, 0.44, 0.88, and 1.83 mg nickel/m(3)) 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks.
T23 4188-4314 DRI_Background denotes Additional groups of 18 male and 18 female female rats were exposed to 0, 0.15, 0.6, or 2.5 mg/m(3) for tissue burden studies.
T24 4315-4371 DRI_Approach denotes All core study rats survived until the end of the study.
T25 4372-4588 DRI_Outcome denotes Final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of 2.5 mg/m(3) males were significantly lower than those of the controls; final mean body weights of all other exposure groups were similar to those of the controls.
T26 4589-4711 DRI_Background denotes Chemical-related clinical findings included labored respiration in 2.5 mg/m(3) males and females during weeks 2 through 7.
T27 4712-4849 DRI_Background denotes In general, neutrophil and erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values, and hemoglobin concentrations were minimally increased in exposed rats.
T28 4850-4961 DRI_Background denotes Absolute and relative lung weights of all exposed groups were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T29 4962-5270 DRI_Background denotes Increases in the number of alveolar macrophages, interstitial infiltrates, or incidences of chronic inflammation of the lung occurred in all groups exposed to nickel subsulfide concentrations of 0.3 mg/m(3) or greater; the severity of these lesions generally increased with increasing exposure concentration.
T30 5271-5367 DRI_Background denotes Increases in the number of alveolar macrophages were observed in 0.15 mg/m(3) males and females.
T31 5368-5489 DRI_Background denotes Lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes was observed in rats exposed to 0.3 mg/m(3) or greater.
T32 5490-5662 DRI_Outcome denotes Most 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mg/m(3) males and females had atrophy of the nasal olfactory epithelium, and the severity generally increased with increasing exposure concentration.
T33 5663-5870 DRI_Outcome denotes Nickel concentrations in the lung increased with exposure concentration and were greater than those in the controls in rats exposed for 13 weeks (males, 5 to 18 mg nickel/g lung; females, 5 to 17 mg/g lung).
T34 5871-6084 DRI_Background denotes 13-WEEK STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 10 male and 10 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to atmospheres containing 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.5 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks.
T35 6085-6206 DRI_Background denotes Additional groups of six male and six female mice were exposed to 0, 0.15, 0.6, or 2.5 mg/m(3) for tissue burden studies.
T36 6207-6292 DRI_Approach denotes Final mean body weights of all exposure groups were similar to those of the controls.
T37 6293-6345 DRI_Background denotes No chemical-related clinical findings were observed.
T38 6346-6442 DRI_Approach denotes Lymphocyte counts in 1.2 and 2.5 mg/m(3) males were minimally greater than that of the controls.
T39 6443-6584 DRI_Approach denotes Hemoglobin concentrations and erythrocyte counts in 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mg/m(3) females were minimally greater than those of the controls.
T40 6585-6715 DRI_Background denotes Absolute and relative lung weights of 1.2 and 2.5 mg/m(3) males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T41 6716-6820 DRI_Background denotes An increase in alveolar macrophages was present in mice from the 0.3 mg/m(3) and higher exposure groups.
T42 6821-6922 DRI_Background denotes Chronic inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the lung of 1.2 and 2.5 mg/m(3) males and females.
T43 6923-7021 DRI_Background denotes Interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes were observed in mice exposed to 0.6, 1.2, or 2.5 mg/m(3).
T44 7022-7125 DRI_Background denotes Lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph nodes was observed in groups exposed to 1.2 or 2.5 mg/m(3).
T45 7126-7312 DRI_Outcome denotes Atrophy of the nasal olfactory epithelium occurred in 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mg/m(3) males and females, and incidences and severity generally increased with increasing exposure concentration.
T46 7313-7553 DRI_Outcome denotes At 13 weeks, nickel concentrations in the lungs of exposed mice were greater than those of the controls (males, 3 to 17 g nickel/g lung; females, 6 to 23 mg/g lung), and these concentrations increased with increasing exposure concentration.
T47 7554-7848 DRI_Background denotes 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Survival, Body Weights, Clinical Findings, and Hematology: Groups of 63 male and 63 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.15, or 1 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) (equivalent to 0, 0.11, or 0.73 mg nickel/m(3)) by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 104 weeks.
T48 7849-7927 DRI_Background denotes Survival of exposed males and female rats was similar to that of the controls.
T49 7928-8029 DRI_Background denotes Mean body weights of males and females exposed to 0.15 mg/m(3) were similar to those of the controls.
T50 8030-8155 DRI_Approach denotes Mean body weights of rats exposed to 1 mg/m(3) were lower than those of the controls throughout the second year of the study.
T51 8156-8255 DRI_Background denotes Chemical-related clinical findings included rapid and shallow breathing following exposure periods.
T52 8256-8427 DRI_Approach denotes Hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentrations in 1 mg/m(3) males and females and the erythrocyte count in 1 mg/m(3) males were mildly greater than those in the controls.
T53 8428-8601 DRI_Background denotes Pathology Findings: In general, the absolute and relative lung weights of exposed males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls at 7 and 15 months.
T54 8602-8842 DRI_Outcome denotes There were exposure-related increases in the incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma in males, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma in males and females, and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in males and females at 2 years.
T55 8843-9108 DRI_Background denotes Nonneoplastic lung lesions generally observed in exposed males and females included fibrosis; chronic active inflammation; focal alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, macrophage hyperplasia, and proteinosis; bronchial lymphoid hyperplasia; and interstitial inflammation.
T56 9109-9348 DRI_Background denotes At 2 years, there were significant exposure-related increases in the incidences of benign pheochromocytoma, malignant pheochromocytoma, and benign or malignant pheochromocytoma (combined) in males and of benign pheochromocytoma in females.
T57 9349-9679 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidence of adrenal medulla hyperplasia in 1 mg/m(3) females was significantly greater than that of the controls At 2 years, the incidences of chronic active inflammation of the nose in 1 mg/m(3) females and of olfactory epithelial atrophy in 1 mg/m(3) males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T58 9680-9881 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidences of lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph node in exposed males at 7 and 15 months and in exposed males and females at 2 years were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T59 9882-10058 DRI_Outcome denotes Incidences of macrophage hyperplasia in the bronchial lymph node of exposed males at 15 months and exposed males and females at 2 years were greater than those of the controls.
T60 10059-10320 DRI_Outcome denotes Tissue Burden Analyses: Nickel concentrations in the lungs of exposed rats were greater than those of the controls at 7 months (males, 6 to 9 mg nickel/g lung; females, 6 to 9 mg/g lung) and 15 months (males, 4 to 3 mg nickel/g lung; females, 4 to 7 mg/g lung).
T61 10321-10616 DRI_Background denotes 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Survival, Body Weights, Clinical Findings, and Hematology: Groups of 80 male and 80 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.6, or 1.2 mg nickel subsulfide/m(3) (equivalent to 0, 0.44, or 0.88 mg nickel/m(3)) by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks.
T62 10617-10694 DRI_Background denotes Survival of exposed male and female mice was similar to that of the controls.
T63 10695-10831 DRI_Outcome denotes Mean body weights of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) males and females were less than those of the controls throughout the second year of the study.
T64 10832-10947 DRI_Background denotes Chemical-related clinical findings in male and female mice included labored respiration following exposure periods.
T65 10948-11111 DRI_Outcome denotes The hematocrit value and the segmented neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and total leukocyte counts in 1.2 mg/m(3) females were greater than those in the controls.
T66 11112-11279 DRI_Background denotes Pathology Findings: Absolute and relative lung weights of exposed males and females were generally significantly greater than those of the controls at 7 and 15 months.
T67 11280-11530 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma in 0.6 mg/m(3) females and the incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in 0.6 mg/m(3) males and 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) females were significantly less than those of the controls.
T68 11531-11835 DRI_Background denotes In general, the incidences of chronic active inflammation; bronchialization (alveolar epithelial hyperplasia), macrophage hyperplasia and proteinosis; interstitial infiltration; and fibrosis in exposed groups of males and females were greater than those of the controls at 7 and 15 months and at 2 years.
T69 11836-11996 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidences of atrophy of the nasal olfactory epithelium and inflammation of the nose in exposed mice were also generally greater than those of the controls.
T70 11997-12133 DRI_Outcome denotes At 2 years, the incidences of degeneration of olfactory epithelium in exposed females were significantly less than that of the controls.
T71 12134-12391 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidences of lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph node in 1.2 mg/m(3) males at 15 months, in 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) females at 15 months, and in 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) males and females at 2 years were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T72 12392-12629 DRI_Outcome denotes The incidences of macrophage hyperplasia in 1.2 mg/m(3) males at 7 and 15 months, in 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) females at 15 months, and in 0.6 and 1.2 mg/m(3) males and females at 2 years were significantly greater than those of the controls.
T73 12630-12899 DRI_Outcome denotes Tissue Burden Analyses: Nickel concentrations in the lungs of exposed mice were greater than those of the controls at 7 months (males, 10 to 11 mg nickel/g lung; females, 10 to 14 mg/g lung) and 15 months (males, 12 to 20 mg nickel/g lung; females, 15 to 26 mg/g lung).
T74 12900-13015 DRI_Background denotes GENETIC TOXICOLOGY: Nickel subsulfide was considered to be equivocal in the Salmonella gene mutation assay overall.
T75 13209-13391 DRI_Background denotes No increase in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was observed in peripheral blood samples from male or female mice exposed to nickel subsulfide by inhalation for 13 weeks.
T76 13392-13788 DRI_Background denotes CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel subsulfide in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma, carcinoma, and adenoma or carcinoma (combined) and on increased incidences of benign, malignant, and benign or malignant (combined) pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla.
T77 13789-14080 DRI_Background denotes There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel subsulfide in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) and an increased incidence of benign pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla.
T78 14081-14209 DRI_Background denotes There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel subsulfide in male or female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 0.6 or 1.2 mg/m(3).
T79 14210-14470 DRI_Background denotes Exposure of male and female rats to nickel subsulfide by inhalation for 2 years resulted in inflammation, hyperplasia, and fibrosis in the lung; inflammation and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nose; and hyperplasia in the adrenal medulla (females).
T80 14471-14702 DRI_Background denotes Exposure of male and female mice to nickel subsulfide by inhalation for 2 years resulted in inflammation, bronchialization, hyperplasia, and fibrosis in the lung and inflammation and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nose.