Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
117-237 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to play an important role in the growth of normal prostatic epithelial cells. |
T2 |
238-426 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In addition to their effects on proliferation, FGFs can promote cell motility, increase tumor angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis, all of which play an important role in tumor progression. |
T3 |
427-672 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
To determine whether FGFs are overexpressed in human prostate cancers, we analyzed 26 prostate cancer RNAs by reverse transcription-PCR for expression of FGF3, FGF4, and FGF6, which cannot be detected in normal prostate tissue by this technique. |
T4 |
673-725 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Fourteen of 26 prostate cancers expressed FGF6 mRNA. |
T5 |
726-769 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
No expression of FGF3 or FGF4 was detected. |
T6 |
770-1058 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
An ELISA of tissue extracts of normal prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostate cancer for FGF6 showed that this growth factor was undetectable in normal prostate but was present at elevated levels in 4 of 9 PIN lesions and in 15 of 24 prostate cancers. |
T7 |
1059-1213 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-FGF6 antibody revealed weak staining of prostatic basal cells in normal prostate that was markedly elevated in PIN. |
T8 |
1214-1329 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In the prostate cancers, the majority of cases revealed expression of FGF6 by the prostate cancer cells themselves. |
T9 |
1330-1394 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In two cases, expression was present in prostatic stromal cells. |
T10 |
1395-1587 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Exogenous FGF6 was able to stimulate proliferation of primary prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, immortalized prostatic epithelial cells, and prostate cancer cell lines in tissue culture. |
T11 |
1588-1733 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
FGF receptor 4, which is the most potent FGF receptor for FGF6, is expressed in the human prostate in vivo and in all of the cultured cell lines. |
T12 |
1734-1904 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Thus, FGF6 is increased in PIN and prostate cancer and can promote the proliferation of the transformed prostatic epithelial cells via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. |