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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue Speculation
T7 28-58 481743 denotes Paenibacillus strain Y4.12MC10
T8 68-88 1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus
T5 170-195 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp.Y412MC10
T65 170-6312 481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp.Y412MC10 was one of a number of organisms isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA under permit from the National Park Service. The isolate was initially classified as a Geobacillus sp. Y412MC10 based on its isolation conditions and similarity to other organisms isolated from hot springs at Yellowstone National Park. Comparison of 16 S rRNA sequences within the Bacillales indicated that Geobacillus sp.Y412MC10 clustered with Paenibacillus species, and the organism was most closely related to Paenibacillus lautus. Lucigen Corp. prepared genomic DNA and the genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute. The genome sequence was deposited at the NCBI in October 2009 (NC_013406). The genome of Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10 consists of one circular chromosome of 7,121,665 bp with an average G+C content of 51.2%. Comparison to other Paenibacillus species shows the organism lacks nitrogen fixation, antibiotic production and social interaction genes reported in other paenibacilli. The Y412MC10 genome shows a high level of synteny and homology to the draft sequence of Paenibacillus sp. HGF5, an organism from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Reference Genomes. This, combined with genomic CAZyme analysis, suggests an intestinal, rather than environmental origin for Y412MC10. Introduction Numerous novel microorganisms have been isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Many of these organisms have been shown to possess enzymes with significant potential in biotechnological applications [1]. Among the organisms first isolated from Yellowstone hot springs are Thermus aquaticus [2,3], Thermus brockianus [4], Acidothermus cellulollyticus [5], and Synechococcus species [6]. As part of a project in conjunction with the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lucigen Corp. isolated, characterized, and sequenced a number of new isolates from Yellowstone hot springs. The bacterial isolate Y412MC10 was one of four microorganisms isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA and submitted for whole genome sequencing. Y412MC10 was initially classified as a Geobacillus sp. based on its isolation conditions and morphological similarity to other organisms such as Geobacillus species Y412MC61 (GenBank 544556), Y412MC52 (GenBank 550542), and Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93 (GenBank 634956). The Geobacillus sp.Y412MC10 draft genome sequence was deposited at the NCBI in October 2009 (NC_013406) with the lineage entry indicating that it is a Geobacillus. Following assembly of the complete genome of Y412MC10, the 16S rRNA sequence and genome properties properly assigned the organism as a Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10 represents the first Paenibacillus sp. isolated from a hot spring to have its genome completely sequenced. Paenibacillus sp. were originally grouped in the genus Bacillus until 1993, when Ash et al. [7] proposed that members of "group 3" should be transferred to the genus Paenibacillus, and proposed Paenibacillus polymyxa as the type species. Paenibacillus sp. have been isolated from a wide range of environments including soil [8], the Antarctic [9], and the oral cavity of a dog [10]. Paenibacillus sp. are of interest for a number of reasons, including production of antibiotics [11-13], biopolymer-degrading enzymes [14-16], and their ability to fix nitrogen [17,18]. One species, P. vortex shows highly unusual organized growth morphologies on solid surfaces [19,20]; another species, P. dendritiformis, also shows unusual growth morphologies on solid surfaces [19,21,22]. Comparison of the genetic content of Y412MC10 with genomes of Paenibacillus sp. from other environments will give insights into the evolutionary adaptations that have occurred in the Paenibacillus. The organism also may be a source of novel polysaccharide degrading enzymes for use in biomass degradation. Classification and features A phylogenetic tree was constructed to identify the family relationship of strain Y412MC10 (Figure 1). The tree was created using BLAST2Tree software [23]. The analysis was carried out using only type strains of validly-named organisms, and the analysis shows that Y412MC10 does not clade with known Geobacillus species. Rather, Y412MC10 clades in the Paenibacillus genus. Based on r16S analysis of validly-named organisms, Y412MC10 is most closely related to Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3055T (AB073188). The classification of the isolate was confirmed using the EzTaxon-e server [24], again on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence data. When compared to their entire r16S database, Y412MC10 was identified as being a strain of Paenibacillus lautus with 99.09% identity and 100% completeness to the r16S of the type strain, Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666 GenBank D78472. Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of Paenibacillus lautus strain Y412MC10 and relative strains within the Bacillales. Strains used for the comparison (16S rRNA accession number) were (Paenibacillus Y412MC10); Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T (AB073188); Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T (AB073189); Paenibacillus illinoisensis DSM 11733T (AB073192); Paenibacillus chibensis DSM 11731T (AB073194); Paenibacillus ginsengisoli LMG 23406 T (AB245382); Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp defensor NCIB 14397 T (AB360546); Paenibacillus kribbensis KCTC 0766BP T (AF391123); Paenibacillus daejeonensis KCCM 41557 T (AF391124); Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188 T (AJ011322); Paenibacillus odorifer DSM 15391 T (AJ223990); Paenibacillus cookie LMG 18419 T (AJ250317); Paenibacillus jamilae DSM 13815 T (AJ271157); Paenibacillus azoreducens DSM 13822 T (AJ272249); Paenibacillus stellifer DSM 14472 T (AJ316013); Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320 T (AJ320494); Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18349 T (AJ575658); Paenibacillus antarcticus LMG 22078 T (AJ605292); Paenibacillus favisporus LMG 20987 T (AY208751); Paenibacillus lactis DSM 15596 T (AY257868); Paenibacillus provencensis CIP 109358T (EF212893); Paenibacillus konsidanse KCTC 13165T (EU081509). Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T9 391-415 481743 denotes Geobacillus sp. Y412MC10
T1 585-595 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1385 denotes Bacillales
T10 611-634 481743 denotes Geobacillus sp.Y412MC10
T3 650-663 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T2 718-738 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus
T6 954-980 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T4 1091-1104 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T11 1226-1238 44249 denotes paenibacilli
T12 1244-1252 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T13 1328-1350 908341 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF5
T14 1529-1537 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T32 1841-1858 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/271 denotes Thermus aquaticus
T39 1866-1884 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/56956 denotes Thermus brockianus
T50 1890-1918 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/28049 denotes Acidothermus cellulollyticus
T25 1928-1941 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1129 denotes Synechococcus
T34 2157-2183 481743 denotes bacterial isolate Y412MC10
T35 2333-2341 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T51 2372-2387 1891658 denotes Geobacillus sp.
T36 2478-2506 544556 denotes Geobacillus species Y412MC61
T52 2508-2522 544556 denotes GenBank 544556
T37 2525-2533 550542 denotes Y412MC52
T53 2535-2549 550542 denotes GenBank 550542
T38 2556-2596 634956 denotes Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93
T54 2598-2612 634956 denotes GenBank 634956
T40 2619-2642 481743 denotes Geobacillus sp.Y412MC10
T41 2766-2777 129337 denotes Geobacillus
T42 2824-2832 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T30 2914-2940 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T28 2962-2978 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp
T43 3048-3065 58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp.
T31 3103-3111 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1386 denotes Bacillus
T26 3214-3227 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T33 3242-3264 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1406 denotes Paenibacillus polymyxa
T49 3286-3303 58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp.
T44 3421-3424 9615 denotes dog
T45 3431-3448 58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp.
T46 3629-3638 71995 denotes P. vortex
T47 3734-3751 130049 denotes P. dendritiformis
T48 3859-3867 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T29 3884-3900 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp
T27 4005-4018 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T58 4232-4247 481743 denotes strain Y412MC10
T59 4422-4430 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T61 4457-4468 129337 denotes Geobacillus
T60 4486-4494 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T55 4509-4522 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T62 4581-4589 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T68 4617-4647 1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3055T
T63 4832-4840 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T67 4877-4897 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus
T64 4973-5006 1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666
T162 5080-5116 481743 denotes Paenibacillus lautus strain Y412MC10
T161 5149-5159 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1385 denotes Bacillales
T163 5227-5249 481743 denotes Paenibacillus Y412MC10
T164 5252-5282 1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T
T165 5295-5333 59843 denotes Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T
T166 5346-5384 59845 denotes Paenibacillus illinoisensis DSM 11733T
T167 5397-5431 59846 denotes Paenibacillus chibensis DSM 11731T
T168 5444-5482 170367 denotes Paenibacillus ginsengisoli LMG 23406 T
T169 5495-5550 467974 denotes Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp defensor NCIB 14397 T
T170 5563-5601 172713 denotes Paenibacillus kribbensis KCTC 0766BP T
T171 5614-5653 135193 denotes Paenibacillus daejeonensis KCCM 41557 T
T172 5666-5700 160799 denotes Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188 T
T173 5713-5747 189426 denotes Paenibacillus odorifer DSM 15391 T
T174 5760-5792 157839 denotes Paenibacillus cookie LMG 18419 T
T175 5805-5838 114136 denotes Paenibacillus jamilae DSM 13815 T
T176 5851-5888 116718 denotes Paenibacillus azoreducens DSM 13822 T
T177 5901-5936 169760 denotes Paenibacillus stellifer DSM 14472 T
T178 5949-5981 59893 denotes Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320 T
T179 5994-6027 237530 denotes Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18349 T
T180 6040-6077 253703 denotes Paenibacillus antarcticus LMG 22078 T
T181 6090-6126 221028 denotes Paenibacillus favisporus LMG 20987 T
T182 6139-6171 228574 denotes Paenibacillus lactis DSM 15596 T
T183 6184-6222 441151 denotes Paenibacillus provencensis CIP 109358T
T184 6235-6271 479474 denotes Paenibacillus konsidanse KCTC 13165T
T56 6749-6754 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/4932 denotes yeast
T69 6894-6900 4081 denotes tomato
T57 6994-6999 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/4932 denotes yeast
T66 7334-7342 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T188 8067-8096 481743 denotes Paenibacillus strain Y412MC10
T185 8499-8528 481743 denotes Paenibacillus strain Y412MC10
T186 9031-9060 481743 denotes Paenibacillus strain Y412MC10 true
T187 9193-9222 481743 denotes Paenibacillus strain Y412MC10
T70 9717-9742 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp.Y412MC10
T71 10386-10394 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T72 10803-10832 481743 denotes Paenibacillus lautus Y412MC10
T73 12457-12486 481743 denotes Paenibacillus lautus Y412MC10
T74 13731-13744 44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T80 13810-13819 1401 denotes P. lautus
T82 13861-13870 71995 denotes P. vortex
T90 14004-14021 130049 denotes P. dendritiformis
T93 14092-14100 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T94 14231-14239 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T83 14323-14332 71995 denotes P. vortex
T91 14337-14354 130049 denotes P. dendritiformis
T189 14381-14407 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T190 14523-14549 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T191 14725-14751 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T95 14961-14969 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T114 15019-15036 58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp.
T87 15156-15169 44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T98 15186-15199 44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T115 15414-15437 324057 denotes Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2
T116 15439-15472 717606 denotes Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus YK9
T117 15474-15501 349520 denotes Paenibacillus polymyxa E681
T118 15503-15529 886882 denotes Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2
T119 15535-15569 1036673 denotes Paenibacillus mucilaginosus KNP414
T120 15608-15613 3193 denotes plant
T121 15621-15646 715225 denotes Paenibacillus vortex V453
T122 15648-15670 908341 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF5
T125 15672-15694 944559 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF7
T126 15719-15724 9606 denotes human
T127 15735-15776 741161 denotes Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae B-3650
T128 15778-15784 741161 denotes 741161
T129 15790-15799 7460 denotes honey bee
T130 15822-15825 7460 denotes bee
T96 15869-15877 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T123 15905-15927 908341 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF5
T131 15929-15949 908341 denotes NCBI Taxon ID 908341
T132 15951-15966 908341 denotes Gold ID Gi05716
T192 16184-16210 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T194 16243-16253 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1385 denotes Bacillales
T195 16324-16347 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/324057 denotes Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2
T205 16349-16355 324057 denotes 324057
T196 16357-16391 717606 denotes Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus YK9,
T215 16392-16399 717606 denotes A717606
T193 16401-16427 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T206 16429-16435 481743 denotes 481743
T197 16437-16462 715225 denotes Paenibacillus vortex V453
T214 16464-16470 715225 denotes 715225
T198 16472-16499 349520 denotes Paenibacillus polymyxa E681
T207 16501-16507 349520 denotes 349520
T199 16509-16535 886882 denotes Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2
T208 16537-16543 886882 denotes 886882
T200 16545-16579 1036673 denotes Paenibacillus mucilaginosus KNP414
T209 16581-16588 1036673 denotes 1036673
T201 16590-16612 908341 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF5
T210 16614-16620 908341 denotes 908341
T202 16622-16644 944559 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF7
T211 16646-16652 944559 denotes 944559
T203 16654-16695 741161 denotes Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae B-3650
T212 16697-16703 741161 denotes 741161
T204 16705-16735 224308 denotes Bacillus subtilis subtilis 168
T213 16737-16744 224308 denotes 2243082
T97 16836-16844 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T99 16997-17005 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T78 17024-17037 44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T100 17119-17127 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T84 17155-17164 71995 denotes P. vortex
T133 17169-17180 908341 denotes P. sp. HGF5
T136 17187-17192 9606 denotes human
T139 17223-17234 1406 denotes P. polymyxa
T101 17270-17278 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T141 17312-17332 71995 denotes Paenibacillus vortex
T124 17337-17359 908341 denotes Paenibacillus sp. HGF5
T137 17394-17399 9606 denotes human
T142 17409-17420 944559 denotes P. sp. HGF7
T85 17448-17457 71995 denotes P. vortex
T134 17462-17473 908341 denotes P. sp. HGF5
T143 17502-17506 944559 denotes HGF7
T102 17527-17535 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T86 17537-17546 71995 denotes P. vortex
T135 17551-17562 908341 denotes P. sp. HGF5
T144 17593-17602 40674 denotes mammalian
T103 17656-17664 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T104 18315-18323 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T145 18343-18347 908341 denotes HGF5
T88 18352-18361 71995 denotes P. vortex
T138 18459-18464 9606 denotes human
T216 18508-18516 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T217 18521-18525 908341 denotes HGF5
T218 18552-18556 908341 denotes HGF5
T219 18627-18635 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T220 18640-18649 71995 denotes P. vortex
T221 18676-18685 71995 denotes P. vortex
T105 18765-18773 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T140 18794-18805 1406 denotes P. polymyxa
T146 18810-18826 61624 denotes P. mucilaginosus
T106 18867-18875 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T222 18960-18968 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T223 18973-18984 1406 denotes P. polymyxa
T224 19045-19053 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T225 19058-19073 61624 denotes P mucilaginosus
T81 19147-19156 1401 denotes P. lautus
T107 19161-19169 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T147 19248-19263 1401 denotes Bacillus lautus
T148 19312-19320 9606 denotes children
T149 19426-19446 1401 denotes Paenibacillus lautus
T108 19477-19485 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T109 19523-19531 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T150 20044-20054 2759 denotes eukaryotic
T151 20453-20461 2 denotes bacteria
T110 20627-20635 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T152 20880-20889 481743 denotes Y4112MC10
T111 21222-21230 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T79 21389-21402 44249 denotes Paenibacillus
T75 21454-21479 128574 denotes Paenibacillus brasilensis
T76 21490-21514 369399 denotes Paenibacillus zanthoxyli
T77 21521-21550 481743 denotes Paenibacillus lautus Y412MC10
T92 21723-21740 130049 denotes P. dendritiformis
T89 21751-21760 71995 denotes P. vortex
T112 21788-21796 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T113 21952-21960 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T153 22014-22022 2 denotes bacteria
T154 22057-22083 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/481743 denotes Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10
T157 22108-22124 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/58172 denotes Paenibacillus sp
T158 22353-22361 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T155 22429-22434 9901 denotes bison
T156 22554-22559 9901 denotes bison
T159 22678-22686 481743 denotes Y412MC10
T160 22801-22813 44249 denotes Paenibacilli