Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-30 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COVID-19 and climatic factors: |
T2 |
31-49 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A global analysis. |
T3 |
50-61 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
T4 |
62-161 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is unknown if COVID-19 will exhibit seasonal pattern as other diseases e.g., seasonal influenza. |
T5 |
162-369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, some environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity) have been shown to be associated with transmission of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but global data on their association with COVID-19 are scarce. |
T6 |
370-380 |
Sentence |
denotes |
OBJECTIVE: |
T7 |
381-446 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To examine the association between climatic factors and COVID-19. |
T8 |
447-455 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS: |
T9 |
456-856 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We used multilevel mixed-effects (two-level random-intercepts) negative binomial regression models to examine the association between 7- and 14-day-lagged temperature, humidity (relative and absolute), wind speed and UV index and COVID-19 cases, adjusting for Gross Domestic Products, Global Health Security Index, cloud cover (%), precipitation (mm), sea-level air-pressure (mb), and daytime length. |
T10 |
857-974 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effects estimates are reported as adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). |
T11 |
975-983 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T12 |
984-1342 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Data from 206 countries/regions (until April 20, 2020) with ≥100 reported cases showed no association between COVID-19 cases and 7-day-lagged temperature, relative humidity, UV index, and wind speed, after adjusting for potential confounders, but a positive association with 14-day-lagged temperature and a negative association with 14-day-lagged wind speed. |
T13 |
1343-1456 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Compared to an absolute humidity of <5 g/m3, an absolute humidity of 5-10 g/m3 was associated with a 23% (95% CI: |
T14 |
1457-1562 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6-42%) higher rate of COVID-19 cases, while absolute humidity >10 g/m3 did not have a significant effect. |
T15 |
1563-1620 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These findings were robust in the 14-day-lagged analysis. |
T16 |
1621-1632 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSION: |
T17 |
1633-1855 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our results of higher COVID-19 cases (through April 20) at absolute humidity of 5-10 g/m3 may be suggestive of a 'sweet point' for viral transmission, however only controlled laboratory experiments can decisively prove it. |