Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T14 |
0-12 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Introduction |
T15 |
13-101 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS-CoV-2, the pathogenic agent of COVID-19, has become the center of global attention. |
T16 |
102-223 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As of November, 2020, COVID-19 has affected more than 45 million people and caused over one million deaths worldwide [1]. |
T17 |
224-318 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. |
T18 |
319-402 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A majority of individuals (80%) recover from the infection without hospitalisation. |
T19 |
403-516 |
Sentence |
denotes |
About 20% of patients develop serious symptoms and need oxygen therapy, while 5% of those require intensive care. |
T20 |
517-676 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, pneumonia, serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in the blood (RNAemia), and ground-glass opacities in the lung. |
T21 |
677-782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Individuals with COVID-19 can exhibit cold-like symptoms; however, 15% of them have severe complications. |
T22 |
783-961 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These complications, which result in death, include sepsis, thromboembolism as well as multiple organ failure including injury of the lung, heart, liver, brain, and kidney [2–4]. |
T23 |
962-1123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Respiratory distress accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response, such as increased cytokine secretions, is common in individuals with severe COVID-19 [5–7]. |
T24 |
1124-1278 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In response to viral infection, dysregulated hyperinflammation leads to acute lung injury (ALI) manifest as an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
T25 |
1279-1387 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These pathological networks are closely associated with oxidative stress and an imbalanced redox status [8]. |
T26 |
1388-1556 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, how glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a well-known antioxidant enzyme as well as a pro-oxidant enzyme affects COVID-19 has not been carefully examined. |
T27 |
1557-1653 |
Sentence |
denotes |
G6PD deficiency is a common and X-linked enzymopathy affecting approximately 400 million people. |
T28 |
1654-1750 |
Sentence |
denotes |
G6PD mutations are carried by females, with 90% of males with the genetic defect being affected. |
T29 |
1751-1885 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These affected individuals suffer from a hemolytic crisis after being exposed to oxidants or microbes, including coronaviruses [9–11]. |
T30 |
1886-2022 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Geographically, G6PD deficiency affects individuals in African, Mediterranean, Southeast, and South Asian, and Latin American countries. |
T31 |
2023-2276 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The fact that G6PD deficiency is more common in some European countries, like Italy and Spain along with the fact that these Mediterranean countries are severely affected by COVID-19 pandemic and have high fatality rates may not be coincidental [12,13]. |
T32 |
2277-2394 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This raises the spectre that “G6PD deficiency” can be a predisposing factor that causes severe COVID-19 illness [14]. |
T33 |
2395-2536 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This review aims to discuss the potential link between G6PD and viral infections including COVID-19 from the standpoint of redox homeostasis. |
T34 |
2537-2640 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The alternative therapies for COVID-19, including antioxidants and anti-aging drugs are also discussed. |