Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T141 |
0-24 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neurotropism in COVID-19 |
T142 |
25-116 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In general, the distribution of the host’s receptor cells determine viral tropisms [58–60]. |
T143 |
117-256 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neurotropism appears to be a common feature of coronaviruses in general, as these viruses share similar viral structures and pathways [50]. |
T144 |
257-506 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 enter the body via an ACE-2 receptor-facilitated manner; ACE-2 receptors are highly expressed in the epithelial structures of the airway and vessels, lung parenchyma, the kidney, and cells of the small intestine [61,62]. |
T145 |
507-759 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Unlike its predecessor, the SARS-CoV, however, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, enters human cells in a process involving dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which is most abundant in the lower respiratory tract, kidney, small intestine, liver, and immune system [63]. |
T146 |
760-878 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The SARS-CoV virus does not utilize the DPP4 system and is not associated with lower respiratory tract infections [4]. |
T147 |
879-1034 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The expression of ACE-2 receptor cells and DPP4 are very low in the CNS [64], and the route by which coronaviruses enter the CNS is subject to speculation. |
T148 |
1035-1189 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It has been suggested that they invade peripheral nerve terminals first, and, in that way, enter onto a synapse-connected pathway into the CNS [23,65–67]. |
T149 |
1190-1350 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This so-called ‘trans-synaptic transfer’ has been observed for other lesser-known coronaviruses, such as HEV67N and the avian bronchitis virus [10,23,65,67,68]. |
T150 |
1351-1585 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, the HEV67N virus has been demonstrated in porcine studies to invade the brain; first, it infects the nasal mucosa, lungs, and small intestines and then peripheral nerves transport it retrogradely to the medullary neurons [66]. |
T151 |
1586-1685 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The avian bronchitis virus infects the brainstem of mice and may cause neuroanatomical disruptions. |
T152 |
1686-1814 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mice that died of respiratory failure may have had failure of the cardiorespiratory center within the brain stem [23,64,69]. |