LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796329 / 56891-65133 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T478 0-4 Sentence denotes 4.3.
T479 5-24 Sentence denotes Regression Analysis
T480 25-261 Sentence denotes To examine the determinants of beliefs in conspiracy theories, we conduct a regression analysis with beliefs in conspiracy theories as the dependent variable and political, psychological, and structural factors as independent variables.
T481 262-316 Sentence denotes Some of the independent variables are dummy variables.
T482 317-632 Sentence denotes For these variables, the reference groups are the middle group in the cases of ideology, the non-partisan group in party supported, the non-religious group in religion, the group with income below 5 million won in income, the group with less than a college degree in education, and the male in gender, respectively.
T483 633-773 Sentence denotes The regression analysis is carried out separately for each of the three factors, and the results are shown as Models 1, 2, and 3 in Table 3.
T484 774-912 Sentence denotes In Model 1, the political variables, authoritarianism, religiosity, and trust in SNS, positively influence beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T485 913-1068 Sentence denotes Conversely, support for the current the President Moon’s government, Christianity, trust in the government, and trust in people, all have negative effects.
T486 1069-1134 Sentence denotes Ideology and partisan support do not have significant influences.
T487 1135-1281 Sentence denotes For the religion variables, religiosity has a statistically significant effect whereas Christianity negatively influences beliefs in conspiracies.
T488 1282-1428 Sentence denotes This suggests that not only the depth of religious belief but also the type of religion plays an important role in beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T489 1429-1550 Sentence denotes In particular, it is noteworthy that the two variables play opposite roles in determining beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T490 1551-1849 Sentence denotes Because some extreme Christians in Korean society disseminate conspiracy theories and oppose the current government, the result that general Christians do not believe conspiracy theories may indicate that there is a difference in conspiracy beliefs between general Christians and extreme believers.
T491 1850-1972 Sentence denotes For the trust variables, the degree and direction of beliefs in conspiracy theories vary depending on the object of trust.
T492 1973-2094 Sentence denotes Trust in the government and trust in people decrease beliefs in conspiracy theories, whereas trust in SNS increases them.
T493 2095-2263 Sentence denotes The fact that trust in the government reduces beliefs in conspiracy theories suggests that citizens can accept the government’s active role in the response to COVID-19.
T494 2264-2495 Sentence denotes In particular, the fact that trust in the government has the largest standardized regression coefficient among the trust variables suggests that the government certainly should play an active role in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.
T495 2496-2705 Sentence denotes The fact that trust in SNS leads to stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories implies that that information related to conspiracy theories is common on SNS in the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects Internet users.
T496 2706-2960 Sentence denotes In Model 1, the coefficient of trust in the government is the largest based on standardized regression coefficient values, meaning that it has the most explanatory power, followed by support for the current government, trust in SNS, and authoritarianism.
T497 2961-3136 Sentence denotes This result implies that the government’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic is important because the top two variables in terms of explanatory power are related to the government.
T498 3137-3320 Sentence denotes In Model 2, perceived risk, anxiety, negative emotions, and blame attribution have positive effects on beliefs in conspiracy theories, whereas perceived control has a negative effect.
T499 3321-3356 Sentence denotes These results match the hypotheses.
T500 3357-3476 Sentence denotes Analytic thinking negatively affects beliefs in conspiracy theories, but the relation is not statistically significant.
T501 3477-3634 Sentence denotes They are all negative attributes, meaning that more larger efforts are needed to effectively decrease negative mood and perceptions in the COVID-19 pandemic.
T502 3635-3889 Sentence denotes From this perspective, because an individual’s perceived sense of control is a psychological variable that plays a role in decreasing beliefs in conspiracy theories, it is necessary to strongly empower people to see the more positive sides of situations.
T503 3890-4069 Sentence denotes In addition, beliefs in conspiracy theories are related to external blame attribution, in which people place responsibility for COVID-19 on other people rather than on themselves.
T504 4070-4160 Sentence denotes External rather than internal blame attribution reinforces beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T505 4161-4327 Sentence denotes This finding implies that an emphasis on individual responsibility in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic is important to enable people to attribute blame internally.
T506 4328-4475 Sentence denotes Among the six variables in Model 2, the most influential variable is negative emotions, followed by anxiety, perceived control, and perceived risk.
T507 4476-4627 Sentence denotes This result suggests that an emotional rather than a rational approach is needed to reduce beliefs in conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T508 4628-4716 Sentence denotes Model 3 shows the impacts of the structural variables on beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T509 4717-4906 Sentence denotes Knowledge and the quality of information positively affect these beliefs, whereas the amount of information, health status, and worsening health status after COVID-19 have negative impacts.
T510 4907-4990 Sentence denotes Education level, income, gender, and age have no statistically significant effects.
T511 4991-5066 Sentence denotes The first important point is about to the roles of education and knowledge.
T512 5067-5162 Sentence denotes The former does not affect beliefs in conspiracy theories, whereas the latter does affect them.
T513 5163-5321 Sentence denotes These results suggest that rather than increasing formal education, a knowledge-centered approach is needed to reduce beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories.
T514 5322-5397 Sentence denotes Second, the quality and quantity of information perform opposite functions.
T515 5398-5493 Sentence denotes The former decreases beliefs in conspiracy theories, whereas the latter increases such beliefs.
T516 5494-5725 Sentence denotes This result implies that the large quantities of information available on SNS contain conspiracy theories, suggesting that high-quality information is needed to address the large quantities of information about conspiracy theories.
T517 5726-5780 Sentence denotes Third, the two health variables have opposite effects.
T518 5781-5935 Sentence denotes Generally, health increases beliefs in conspiracy theories, but a deterioration in health after COVID-19 leads to stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T519 5936-6105 Sentence denotes The information quality variable has the greatest explanatory power in Model 3, followed by health status, the quantity of information, and health status after COVID-19.
T520 6106-6167 Sentence denotes The results confirm the importance of information and health.
T521 6168-6257 Sentence denotes Model 4 shows the causal relationships when all variables are included in the regression.
T522 6258-6368 Sentence denotes Most of the directions and statistical significance of the effects found by Models 1, 2, and 3 are maintained.
T523 6369-6406 Sentence denotes However, there are a few differences.
T524 6407-6516 Sentence denotes First, beliefs in conspiracy theories increase when respondents support other parties outside the mainstream.
T525 6517-6658 Sentence denotes This result suggests that conspiracy theories may spread to minority or alternative parties rather than to mainstream or established parties.
T526 6659-6797 Sentence denotes Second, trust in the general public, which has a significant effect in Model 1, has no significant effect when all variables are included.
T527 6798-6897 Sentence denotes Third, analytic thinking, which has no significant effect in Model 2, now has a significant effect.
T528 6898-6997 Sentence denotes This finding suggests that thinking patterns and logic can suppress beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T529 6998-7094 Sentence denotes Fourth, it appears that women do not believe conspiracy theories to the extent that than men do.
T530 7095-7148 Sentence denotes This finding supports existing research results [29].
T531 7149-7223 Sentence denotes Model 4 includes all variables that affect beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T532 7224-7440 Sentence denotes The variables with the largest standardized regression coefficients are the quality of information (−0.260), health status (0.154), support for Moon’s government (−0.141), perceived risk (0.128), and anxiety (0.104).
T533 7441-7559 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the quality of information is very important in suppressing beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T534 7560-7797 Sentence denotes In addition, the five variables belong to each political, psychological, and structural components, which suggests that a balanced approach that considers multiple variables at the same time should be used to address conspiracy theories.
T535 7798-7879 Sentence denotes Finally, Model 4′s explanatory power for beliefs in conspiracy theories is 35.2%.
T536 7880-7961 Sentence denotes Considering the large number of independent variables, its power is rather small.
T537 7962-8059 Sentence denotes Thus, it is necessary to identify additional variables to increase the model’s explanatory power.
T538 8060-8242 Sentence denotes The explanatory power of Model 1 is 20.8%, that of Model 2 is 17.3%, and that of Model 3 is 24.8%, suggesting that political, psychological, and structural factors are all important.