LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796176 / 4191-9731 JSONTXT 2 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T30 0-2 Sentence denotes 2.
T31 3-24 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods
T32 25-165 Sentence denotes Main caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children living in Chile were invited to participate in an online survey from 30 March to 27 April 2020.
T33 166-286 Sentence denotes The study was promoted through social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) and emails from educational institutions.
T34 287-456 Sentence denotes Potential participants accessed a personalized link to read more detailed information about the study and gave their online informed consent to participate in the study.
T35 457-652 Sentence denotes The inclusion criteria were: (1) living in Chile, (2) being the main caregiver of a 1- to 5-year-old child, and (3) living with the child most of the time before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T36 653-754 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee at Universidad de La Frontera, Chile (ORD.:
T37 755-765 Sentence denotes 009-2020).
T38 766-887 Sentence denotes Data were collected and managed using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) [9] hosted at Universidad de La Frontera.
T39 888-1022 Sentence denotes Data collection started two weeks after the government enforced educational centers to close in Chile (16 March 2020) due to COVID-19.
T40 1023-1134 Sentence denotes At the end of the data collection, the education centers were still closed at a national level (27 April 2020).
T41 1136-1140 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T42 1141-1167 Sentence denotes Sociodemographic Variables
T43 1168-1275 Sentence denotes The online survey included questions about the caregiver, family, and the child participating in the study.
T44 1276-1546 Sentence denotes The sociodemographic and home characteristics section of the survey included questions about educational level, family income, occupational situation, dwelling type and size, space to play at home, inhabitants per home, area of residence (urban/rural), city, and region.
T45 1547-1696 Sentence denotes If there was more than one child at home between 1 to 5 years of age, the caregiver was asked to answer for only one of the children (freely chosen).
T46 1697-1845 Sentence denotes Also, caregivers were asked about child sex, age, disability (yes/no and type), and enrolment in an early childhood education center (ECEC; yes/no).
T47 1846-1976 Sentence denotes Caregivers were also asked if they were in lockdown at home at the moment of the survey, and the number of days spent in lockdown.
T48 1978-1982 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T49 1983-2001 Sentence denotes Movement Behaviors
T50 2002-2137 Sentence denotes A proxy-report from the main caregiver was used to assess children’s movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleeping).
T51 2138-2296 Sentence denotes Caregivers were asked to provide the time (in hours and minutes) spent by the child on each of the movement behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T52 2297-2394 Sentence denotes Sleep quality was assessed with a Likert scale (1 to 7; a higher score indicated better quality).
T53 2395-2528 Sentence denotes The survey was piloted in a small sample before the official launch to optimize readability, length, and pertinence of the questions.
T54 2529-2612 Sentence denotes The questions regarding movement behaviors are included as a Supplementary File S1.
T55 2613-2876 Sentence denotes The questions included in the study were based on those included in the International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE, www.sunrise-study.com) [10,11], but adaptations were made to capture the potential changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T56 2877-3353 Sentence denotes Unpublished data from pilot studies in several countries assessed the concurrent validity of the questions for measuring time spent in total physical activity (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared with ActiGraph GT3x accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) have shown significant but low correlations with both TPA (r = 0.14; p = 0.003) and MVPA (r = 0.16; p = 0.002), which is comparable with other proxy-report tools in this age group [12].
T57 3355-3359 Sentence denotes 2.3.
T58 3360-3380 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis
T59 3381-3465 Sentence denotes Only participants with complete data for all sections were included in the analysis.
T60 3466-3646 Sentence denotes Mean (standard deviation, SD), median (interquartile range, IQR), and proportions were used to describe participants on key characteristics and outcomes based on data distribution.
T61 3647-3805 Sentence denotes Comparisons between sociodemographic characteristics were performed using parametric and non-parametric tests to compare behaviors before and during COVID-19.
T62 3806-3875 Sentence denotes Multicollinearity was assessed with variable inflation factors (VIF).
T63 3876-4197 Sentence denotes We used multiple linear regressions with a residualized change score approach [13,14] to investigate the sociodemographic predictors (independent variables) of changes in physical activity, recreational screen time, sleep duration, and sleep quality (dependent variables) during the early stages of the pandemic in Chile.
T64 4198-4382 Sentence denotes This approach provides robust estimates by eliminating auto-correlated errors and regression towards the mean, which often makes it preferable to the simple change score approach [13].
T65 4383-4560 Sentence denotes First, we regressed the standardized score during the COVID-19 pandemic on the standardized scores before the COVID-19 pandemic for each of the behaviors assessed in this study.
T66 4561-4768 Sentence denotes The residualized change score (i.e., trend) for each behavior was then estimated as the average of each participant’s residual score (i.e., the difference between the estimated value and the observed value).
T67 4769-4925 Sentence denotes A positive residualized change score indicates an increase in the specific behavior from the time before COVID-19 and a negative score indicates a decrease.
T68 4926-5158 Sentence denotes For each residualized change score, we explored the predictive role of a series of sociodemographic factors a priori thought to have influenced changes in the behaviors herein assessed after ECEC and school closures due to COVID-19.
T69 5159-5260 Sentence denotes We adjusted all models for age and sex of the child, family income, presence of lockdown, and region.
T70 5261-5349 Sentence denotes Data preparation and validation was conducted with Stata 15.0 (College Station, TX, USA:
T71 5350-5475 Sentence denotes StataCorp LLC), while analyses were conducted in R (version 3.5.2) (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).
T72 5476-5540 Sentence denotes The level of significance was set at usual p < 0.05, two-tailed.