LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796148 / 2676-10663 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T23 0-2 Sentence denotes 1.
T24 3-15 Sentence denotes Introduction
T25 16-177 Sentence denotes Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is a virus first identified in 2019 that has led to an ongoing health emergency worldwide, with high infection rates and mortality [1].
T26 178-335 Sentence denotes The World Health Organization recognized the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, and as a pandemic in March 2020.
T27 336-602 Sentence denotes Infection can cause systemic organ disease and some categories of people are more at risk in developing severe health consequences, such as those over 70 years old, pregnant women, and those who have pre-existing health conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease) [2].
T28 603-739 Sentence denotes However, everyone can be infected and the long-term health consequences—also in its milder presentations—are still not fully understood.
T29 740-939 Sentence denotes Given the high transmissibility of COVID-19, to contain contagion many countries have adopted restrictive measures such as lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, and limits to movements and travel.
T30 940-1008 Sentence denotes These measures have serious economic as well as social implications.
T31 1009-1082 Sentence denotes Therefore, these aspects of the pandemic extend beyond the health domain.
T32 1083-1192 Sentence denotes The lives of millions of people have been affected, potentially increasing anxiety, loneliness, and distress.
T33 1193-1271 Sentence denotes Some of these behavioral responses have been noted and commented in the media.
T34 1272-1426 Sentence denotes Moreover, the measures have produced various responses, ranging from resistance, stockpiling of food supplies, denial, and beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T35 1427-1518 Sentence denotes Some behavioral changes have the potential to affect the course of the pandemic itself [3].
T36 1519-1616 Sentence denotes The impact of the pandemic can be analyzed from social, psychological, and economic perspectives.
T37 1617-1704 Sentence denotes Some authors have claimed that we are in the presence of a mental health emergency [4].
T38 1705-1780 Sentence denotes Over time fear, anxiety, worry, and depression have grown among people [5].
T39 1781-1954 Sentence denotes According to some, the psychological impact of COVID-19 may be greater than the threat represented by the physical disease itself, especially for vulnerable individuals [6].
T40 1955-2080 Sentence denotes A growing number of studies have highlighted psychological symptoms and issues in the clinical and general population [7,8,9]
T41 2081-2292 Sentence denotes A focus on the clinical population and on specific risk categories (e.g., young adults, pregnant women, health professionals, caregivers, the elderly) is useful to highlight the needs of these groups [10,11,12].
T42 2293-2432 Sentence denotes However, at the same time, it is important to direct attention to the general population to identify psychological and behavioral patterns.
T43 2433-2527 Sentence denotes Several studies have been conducted during the acute phase when contagions reached their peak.
T44 2528-2633 Sentence denotes The effect of stressors and the psychological symptoms may persist or evolve over periods or months [13].
T45 2634-2773 Sentence denotes This is the case when people experience fear (for self and for significant others), stigmatization, and severe psychological symptoms [14].
T46 2774-2878 Sentence denotes Italy was one of the first countries to face the COVID-19 emergency and in an especially intense manner.
T47 2879-2959 Sentence denotes In China, the city of Wuhan was put under quarantine on the 9th of January 2020.
T48 2960-3085 Sentence denotes Already on/by the 21st of February 16 cases were confirmed in Lombardia and two in Veneto (two Italian regions in the North).
T49 3086-3186 Sentence denotes Cases grew quickly leading to shortfalls of hospital beds, especially in intensive care units (ICU).
T50 3187-3268 Sentence denotes The impact on the individual, social, and economic life in Italy was significant.
T51 3269-3350 Sentence denotes In Italy, as in other countries, the pandemic did not affect all regions equally.
T52 3351-3395 Sentence denotes Thus, national statistics can be misleading.
T53 3396-3576 Sentence denotes An analysis by region is important for at least two reasons: first, the north of Italy is divided in eight regions but there are large differences in the impact even between these.
T54 3577-3868 Sentence denotes Second, in Italy the national health service has a regional structure, and different measures were taken by different regions, (e.g., different testing effort, quarantine policy, individual mobilities, the progression of social distancing, and local capacity of medical infrastructure) [15].
T55 3869-3919 Sentence denotes Third, the timeline of the virus varied by region.
T56 3920-4021 Sentence denotes Lombardia was the first region to be affected and remained also the region with most cases over time.
T57 4022-4134 Sentence denotes This is a wealthy region with high population density and its capital Milan is the second largest city in Italy.
T58 4135-4312 Sentence denotes In March 2020, a longitudinal, multi-country project was launched by the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) in the UK and then enlarged to other countries [16].
T59 4313-4392 Sentence denotes The present study represents the opening article of the Italian C19PRC project.
T60 4393-4545 Sentence denotes Data was collected in Italy from 13 to 28 July 2020, after the contagion peak (end of March) and after the end of the strict national lockdown (18 May).
T61 4546-4654 Sentence denotes Many commercial and social activities had restarted, and people were allowed to move beyond their own towns.
T62 4655-4830 Sentence denotes In mid-July, the number of contagions had a stable and decreasing trend, but there were still preventive measures in place (e.g., social distancing, hygiene practices, masks).
T63 4831-4933 Sentence denotes There was an awareness in the population that a second wave of contagions was possible in all regions.
T64 4934-5304 Sentence denotes This study focused on four Italian regions selected because of their geographical location, from the north (Lombardia, Veneto), center (Lazio), and south (Campania), and because of their infection rate when the survey was launched—at the beginning of July 2020—from higher (Lombardia = 95,118 cases, Veneto = 19,432) to medium-lower (Lazio = 8389, Campania = 4788) [17].
T65 5305-5444 Sentence denotes Indeed, when data was collected, from 13 to 18 July, in Italy a total of 243,230 cases of COVID-19 had been registered, with 35,042 deaths.
T66 5445-5595 Sentence denotes The regions that registered the highest number of contagions were Lombardia and Veneto, while in the center and south the outbreak was more contained.
T67 5596-5761 Sentence denotes According to the Italian Ministry of Health, the health services and policies are the same in the Italian regions, but some independent regional choices are allowed.
T68 5762-5833 Sentence denotes In the North, Lombardia ran fewer tests than Veneto and Emilia Romagna.
T69 5834-6002 Sentence denotes These regions adopted proactive testing modalities and treatment strategies, testing a large number of people and treating positive patients with mild symptoms at home.
T70 6003-6055 Sentence denotes Therefore, we chose to compare Lombardia and Veneto.
T71 6056-6289 Sentence denotes Veneto is geographically next to Lombardia, they both have a mix of large cities and small towns and, with respect to population, Lombardia is the largest (10 million) and Veneto is the 5th largest region in Italy (nearly 5 million).
T72 6290-6426 Sentence denotes The other two regions also include some large cities (Rome in Lazio and Naples in Campania) and are relatively large (5.8 million each).
T73 6427-6662 Sentence denotes From 17 May 2020 the government passed responsibility to single regions under the overall supervision of the Ministry of Health [18]; different measures in different regions were motivated by the underlying infections and death trends.
T74 6663-6763 Sentence denotes Data from a substantial sample of the general population are useful to plan effective interventions.
T75 6764-6894 Sentence denotes A range of variables have to be assessed due to the complexity of the psychological, social, and cultural context of the pandemic.
T76 6895-7150 Sentence denotes Some of them are: demographics; socioeconomic status; political opinions; belongingness in the community; public health knowledge; news broadcasting; risk perceptions; hygienic and preventive practices; decision making (e.g., whether to vaccinate or not).
T77 7151-7311 Sentence denotes Among the psychological ones, post-traumatic stress, loneliness, anxiety, and depression should be assessed as well as self-esteem, personality, and resilience.
T78 7313-7317 Sentence denotes Aims
T79 7318-7476 Sentence denotes This Italian C19PRC study uses data collected on a range of demographic, social, and psychological variables from a sample of the general population in Italy.
T80 7477-7538 Sentence denotes The aim is to describe the effects of the pandemic in adults.
T81 7539-7669 Sentence denotes Here we provide an overview of the project, and an initial analysis, while additional detailed analyses will require further work.
T82 7670-7862 Sentence denotes In particular in this paper we focus on anxiety, depression, and stress related to COVID-19 and on the comparison with the same measurements from the first wave of the UK C19PRC study [19,20].
T83 7863-7987 Sentence denotes Moreover, comparisons across four Italian regions—selected according to geographic location and infection rate—are provided.