LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796148 / 10665-17806 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T84 0-2 Sentence denotes 2.
T85 3-25 Sentence denotes Methodological Section
T86 27-31 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T87 32-42 Sentence denotes Study Plan
T88 43-128 Sentence denotes The original complete survey from the UK is described by McBride and colleagues [16].
T89 129-228 Sentence denotes Our goal was to maintain the Consortium aims and measures, applying them to the Italian population.
T90 229-364 Sentence denotes Part of this data will be used to conduct further in-depth studies focusing on specific topics described in detail in following papers.
T91 365-467 Sentence denotes In line with the UK survey, the Italian C19PRC study relied on an online survey provided by Qualtrics.
T92 468-510 Sentence denotes R software was used for all analyses [21].
T93 511-601 Sentence denotes The survey was administered in four Italian regions—Campania, Lazio, Lombardia and Veneto.
T94 602-736 Sentence denotes Ethical approval for this study was provided by the Ethical Committee for Psychological Research of the University of Padua (protocol:
T95 737-743 Sentence denotes 3818).
T96 745-749 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T97 750-762 Sentence denotes Participants
T98 763-833 Sentence denotes The inclusion criteria were living in Italy and at least 18 years old.
T99 834-943 Sentence denotes Participants were excluded if survey completion time was below 11 minutes and 11 seconds or above three days.
T100 944-1034 Sentence denotes All participants were informed about the study’s aims, their rights, and privacy policies.
T101 1035-1219 Sentence denotes All of them provided informed consent before completing the survey of the study, conducted according to Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct of the Italian Association of Psychology.
T102 1220-1521 Sentence denotes Adult participants (n = 1038) were recruited by the survey company Qualtrics from an online research panel using stratified quota sampling to guarantee that the sample characteristics of gender, age, household income, and region (Campania, Lazio, Lombardia, and Veneto) matched the Italian population.
T103 1522-1647 Sentence denotes After the completion of the survey online (median time of completion = 41 min), each participant was reimbursed by Qualtrics.
T104 1648-1772 Sentence denotes The mean age of the total sample was 49.94 years (median = 51, SD = 16.14, range = 18–87), and 51.15% were female (n = 531).
T105 1773-1863 Sentence denotes Participants were recruited from the four selected regions based on their population size:
T106 1864-1939 Sentence denotes Campania (n = 227), Lazio (n = 234), Lombardia (n = 391), Veneto (n = 186).
T107 1940-2044 Sentence denotes Most of the participants were Italian (96.61%, n = 1003) and with Caucasian ethnicity (74.66%, n = 775).
T108 2045-2243 Sentence denotes A minority had only elementary or some secondary education (8.28%, n = 86), nearly half had completed high school (48.74%, n = 506) with a further 42.97% having attained a higher level of education.
T109 2244-2332 Sentence denotes Less than half were in full employment (44.41%, n = 461), with 24.18% retired (n = 251).
T110 2333-2457 Sentence denotes Married participants comprised 57.99% (n = 602) whereas never married participants comprised 26.59% of the sample (n = 276).
T111 2458-2516 Sentence denotes Only 14 participants tested positive for COVID-19 (1.35%).
T112 2517-2680 Sentence denotes Two and a half percent of the sample confirmed the presence of coronavirus cases among individuals living in the same house, and 17.82% among friends or relatives.
T113 2681-2768 Sentence denotes Finally, 10.50% of the participants mourning a loss due to confirmed cases of COVID-19.
T114 2769-2898 Sentence denotes Further information about demographics is available in the Supplementary Materials (S1, Tables S1–S20 and https://osf.io/nx2zd/).
T115 2900-2904 Sentence denotes 2.3.
T116 2905-2913 Sentence denotes Measures
T117 2914-3043 Sentence denotes In line with the aim of the original C19PRC-UK study, the measures remained the same in order to allow cross-cultural comparison.
T118 3044-3121 Sentence denotes Below, the measures that are relevant for the present analysis are described.
T119 3122-3157 Sentence denotes Items were translated into Italian.
T120 3158-3261 Sentence denotes The full list is available as Supplementary Material (Supplementary File S1 and https://osf.io/nx2zd/).
T121 3262-3450 Sentence denotes Sociodemographic variables: we collected the same information as the original C19PRC-UK study [16]: location, presence of adults or minors in the house, income, and previous health issues.
T122 3451-3578 Sentence denotes We integrated these with further information (region, mourning for COVID-19 human losses, perceived risk to contract COVID-19).
T123 3579-3694 Sentence denotes The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) [22] is a 15-item self-report measure based on a 3-point Likert scale.
T124 3695-3762 Sentence denotes It asks about the presence of somatic symptoms in the last 14 days.
T125 3763-3943 Sentence denotes In this study, we use both the total scores and the four subscales pain symptoms (0–6), gastrointestinal symptoms (0–8), cardiopulmonary symptoms (0–8), and fatigue symptoms (0–4).
T126 3944-4084 Sentence denotes As in previous works [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and for the same reasons, item 4 and item 13 were excluded, lowering the maximum score to 26.
T127 4085-4304 Sentence denotes The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [24] was used to measure nine symptoms of depression, asking participants how often they have been bothered by each symptom over the last 14 rated on a four-point Likert scale.
T128 4305-4380 Sentence denotes The maximum score is 27, which is indicative of a high level of depression.
T129 4381-4465 Sentence denotes A cut-off score of 10 was used, corresponding to moderate levels of depression [25].
T130 4466-4596 Sentence denotes The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) [26] is a seven-item self-report measure based on a four-point Likert scale.
T131 4597-4661 Sentence denotes It asks participants about anxiety symptoms in the last 14 days.
T132 4662-4745 Sentence denotes The maximum score is 21, which is indicative of high levels of generalized anxiety.
T133 4746-4831 Sentence denotes A cut-off of 10 was used, corresponding to a moderately severe level of anxiety [27].
T134 4832-4949 Sentence denotes The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) [28] is a nine-item self-report measure based on a 5-point Likert scale.
T135 4950-5162 Sentence denotes Consistently with ICD-11 [29], it asks participants about particular events or behaviors in the last 30 days, across the three symptom clusters of re-experiencing, avoidance, and sense of threat (two items each).
T136 5163-5238 Sentence denotes Another three items measure functional impairment caused by these symptoms.
T137 5239-5337 Sentence denotes The maximum score is 24, and a score of ≥2 (Moderately) is considered endorsement of that symptom.
T138 5338-5462 Sentence denotes A PTSD diagnosis requires the endorsement of the three clusters and at least one indicator of functional impairment [30,31].
T139 5463-5630 Sentence denotes COVID-19-related anxiety was measured through a single item, ‘How anxious are you about the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic?’, rated on a continuous scale from 0 to 100.
T140 5631-5691 Sentence denotes Higher values correspond to higher COVID-19 related anxiety.
T141 5693-5697 Sentence denotes 2.4.
T142 5698-5714 Sentence denotes Analytic Methods
T143 5715-6071 Sentence denotes In Section 3.1, scores of the COVID-19 anxiety variable were categorized into quintiles, and the quintiles were dummy-coded with the lowest one used as the reference category [20] Regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the COVID-19 anxiety quintiles and the PHQ-15 subscales (pain, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and fatigue).
T144 6072-6180 Sentence denotes Model 1 included the four dummy-coded COVID-19 anxiety variables as predictors of the four PHQ-15 subscales.
T145 6181-6317 Sentence denotes The regression coefficient for each dummy-coded variable is interpreted as the mean difference between each quintile and the lowest one.
T146 6318-6415 Sentence denotes Model 1 was also run separately with the total PHQ-15 summed scale score replacing the subscales.
T147 6416-6605 Sentence denotes In Model 2 the covariates (age, gender, income, pre-existing health problems, and GAD) were included as predictors, with the addition of Italian region mourning for COVID-19 losses factors.
T148 6606-6839 Sentence denotes In Section 3.2, measures of depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), trauma symptoms relating to the pandemic (ITQ) and COVID-19 anxiety were considered as dependent variables for three binary logistic regression models [19].
T149 6840-7070 Sentence denotes The predictor variables were age, gender, living location, living alone, presence of children in the household, income, pre-existing health conditions in self and someone close, and perceived risk of infection over the next month.
T150 7071-7141 Sentence denotes Italian region and mourning for COVID-19 losses factors were included.