LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796041 / 4030-10186 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T38 0-2 Sentence denotes 2.
T39 3-10 Sentence denotes Methods
T40 12-16 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T41 17-34 Sentence denotes Patient Selection
T42 35-177 Sentence denotes All patients with COVID-19 who had been hospitalized at the participating centers were included in this registry from 5 March to 17 June 2020.
T43 178-317 Sentence denotes Only patients with a complete documentation of the clinical stay (i.e., discharged from the respective center or deceased) were considered.
T44 318-496 Sentence denotes Further inclusion criteria were a confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal sample and a duration of hospital stay for ≥ 24 h.
T45 497-556 Sentence denotes In total, 166 patients with were included in this registry.
T46 557-630 Sentence denotes In the majority of patients, COVID-19 was the reason for hospitalization.
T47 631-789 Sentence denotes A subgroup of nine patients had been admitted for different indications and SARS-CoV-2-infection was diagnosed and treated in the course of the hospital stay.
T48 790-994 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (study registration number at the ethics committee: S-281/2020).
T49 995-1250 Sentence denotes Due to the retrospective, non-interventional nature of the study based solely on data generated and documented during clinical routine processes, informed and written consent was not required in accordance with the statement of the local ethics committee.
T50 1252-1256 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T51 1257-1272 Sentence denotes Data Collection
T52 1273-1465 Sentence denotes All available clinical records including physicians’ and nurses’ written reports, diagnostic test results, telemetry logs and electronic patient files were used for systematic data collection.
T53 1466-1647 Sentence denotes Demographic and clinical baseline parameters, comorbidities, biomarkers, medical therapy as well as information on endpoints regarding the clinical course of disease were extracted.
T54 1648-1799 Sentence denotes Clinically relevant arrhythmias previously diagnosed or incident during hospitalization were recorded and classified according to arrhythmia diagnosis.
T55 1800-1921 Sentence denotes Electrocardiograms (ECGs) conducted at admission to hospital were evaluated regarding QRS and QTc duration, if available.
T56 1922-2072 Sentence denotes If ECG documentation of the arrhythmia was available in the patient file, the diagnosis was confirmed by electrophysiology experts of the study group.
T57 2073-2342 Sentence denotes With respect to biomarker analyses, peak values of high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were recorded, if assessed during hospitalization.
T58 2343-2427 Sentence denotes Data on body mass index (BMI) or presence of obesity were available in 138 patients.
T59 2428-2496 Sentence denotes Obesity was defined as BMI > 25 kg/m2 for the purpose of this study.
T60 2498-2502 Sentence denotes 2.3.
T61 2503-2522 Sentence denotes Statistical Methods
T62 2523-2609 Sentence denotes The patient cohort was described using summary measures of the empirical distribution.
T63 2610-2762 Sentence denotes Continuous variables are reported as median (with inter-quartile range, 25th percentile = P25; 75th percentile = P75) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
T64 2763-2847 Sentence denotes The t-test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon-test were applied for between-group comparisons.
T65 2848-3005 Sentence denotes Dichotomous variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies and were compared applying the Fisher Boschloo-test from the R package “Exact” [11].
T66 3006-3301 Sentence denotes For the purpose of selecting variables with predictive impact on the incidence of arrhythmia, the variables sex, age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hydroxychloroquine, and combined therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were initially considered in terms of variable selection.
T67 3302-3428 Sentence denotes First, regularized logistic regression using the elastic net penalty implemented in the package “glmnet” was computed [12,13].
T68 3429-3579 Sentence denotes The hyperparameters α (elastic net mixing parameter) and β (shrinkage parameter) were tuned conducting 5-fold cross-validation (CV) and a grid search.
T69 3580-3763 Sentence denotes Subsequently, multiple logistic regression modeling was conducted only incorporating the selected variables, to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
T70 3764-3926 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) value was computed applying the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to evaluate the model using the package “pROC” [14].
T71 3927-4037 Sentence denotes To prevent overestimation of the model’s performance measure, the AUC-value was calculated applying 5-fold CV.
T72 4038-4160 Sentence denotes During 5-fold CV, each patient is part of the training set for four times and is assigned exactly once to the testing set.
T73 4161-4340 Sentence denotes Hence, in each step a model is fitted based on 80% of the data whereas a probability of the remaining 20% of the patients is estimated with respect to the incidence of arrhythmia.
T74 4341-4432 Sentence denotes Information on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was only available in 44 patients.
T75 4433-4595 Sentence denotes To account for a potential influence of LVEF on the development of cardiac arrhythmia, we performed attempts to impute the missing data (Supplementary Materials).
T76 4596-4709 Sentence denotes Due to a high number of missing values, LVEF was omitted from further analyses to ensure reliability of the data.
T77 4710-4833 Sentence denotes To evaluate the impact of biomarkers on the incidence of arrhythmia, univariate logistic regression modeling was performed.
T78 4834-4964 Sentence denotes The AUC-values und the Youden index for identifying the optimal cut-off value were computed for each biomarker, respectively [15].
T79 4965-5045 Sentence denotes Confidence intervals of the AUC-values were calculated according to DeLong [16].
T80 5046-5171 Sentence denotes To assess the prognostic impact of arrhythmia on clinical outcomes univariate and multiple regression modeling was performed.
T81 5172-5345 Sentence denotes To preserve the validity of multiple regression modeling in the light of the limited number of patients, the models were adjusted for a maximum of two additional covariates.
T82 5346-5487 Sentence denotes Age and cardiovascular disease were chosen due to their clinical significance regarding outcome in COVID-19 shown by previous studies [2,17].
T83 5488-5727 Sentence denotes Due to the high proportion of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF), we conducted a subgroup analysis comparing patients with incident AF to patients who neither had a history of AF nor displayed AF in the course of the hospitalization.
T84 5728-5844 Sentence denotes Due to the small sample size in the subgroup of patients with incident AF, only descriptive analyses were performed.
T85 5845-6068 Sentence denotes Due to the exploratory character of this analysis, the p-values are interpreted only in a descriptive sense and no adjustment for multiple testing was applied [18]. p-values < 0.05 were denoted as statistically significant.
T86 6069-6156 Sentence denotes The statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.0.2. [19] and SPSS version 25.