| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T13 |
0-274 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Anaphylaxis is a serious multisystem reaction with rapid onset and can lead to death by asphyxiation, cardiovascular collapse, and other complications.4 It requires prompt recognition and treatment with epinephrine to halt the rapid progression of life-threatening symptoms. |
| T14 |
275-667 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The cause of anaphylactic reactions is the activation of mast cells through antigen binding and cross-linking of IgE; the symptoms result from the tissue response to the release of mediators such as histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes and typically include flushing, hives, laryngeal edema, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse. |
| T15 |
668-732 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Patients become IgE-sensitized by previous exposure to antigens. |
| T16 |
733-932 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Reactions that resemble the clinical signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, previously known as anaphylactoid reactions, are now referred to as non-IgE–mediated reactions because they do not involve IgE. |
| T17 |
933-1141 |
Sentence |
denotes |
They manifest the same clinical features and response to epinephrine, but they occur by direct activation of mast cells and basophils, complement activation, or other pathways and can occur on first exposure. |
| T18 |
1142-1355 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tryptase is typically elevated in blood in IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and, to a lesser extent, in non–IgE-mediated mast-cell activation, a feature that identifies mast cells as the sources of inflammatory mediators. |
| T19 |
1356-1755 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Prick and intradermal skin testing and analysis of blood samples for serum IgE are used to identify the specific drug culprit, although the tests lack 100% negative predictive value.5 The clinical manifestations of the two U.K. cases and the one U.S. case fit the description of anaphylaxis: they occurred within minutes after the injections, symptoms were typical, and all responded to epinephrine. |
| T20 |
1756-1932 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The occurrence on first exposure is not typical of IgE-mediated reactions; however, preexisting sensitization to a component of the vaccine could account for this observation.4 |
