LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7781502 / 1614-14804 JSONTXT 4 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T17 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T18 13-134 Sentence denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a novel public health emergency, activating the global healthcare system.
T19 135-264 Sentence denotes The control of the pandemic and treatment of people affected depends on deep understanding of the infection's biology and course.
T20 265-409 Sentence denotes Since the first reports of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan [1], numerous researchers started investigations on the novel etiological agent.
T21 410-514 Sentence denotes Currently, over half a year has passed since the pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization.
T22 515-602 Sentence denotes There is little knowledge on the productivity of medical researches during this period.
T23 603-678 Sentence denotes Herein, we describe the sources of the outpour of publications on COVID-19.
T24 679-849 Sentence denotes The scientific productivity in the early stages of a public health emergency may reflect the health institutions’ adaptability and indicate areas of focus for the future.
T25 850-996 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the analysis may reveal which countries lead in the investigations on the virus and indicate the main directions of research.
T26 997-1257 Sentence denotes We aimed to analyze articles on COVID-19 available via PubMed in the first half of 2020 in order to (1) compare scientific productivity of authors representing different countries and (2) explore associations between the number of articles and COVID-19 spread.
T27 1259-1280 Sentence denotes Materials and methods
T28 1281-1440 Sentence denotes Data collection, manipulation, calculations, and visualization were performed using the R (version 3.6.3) programming language (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria).
T29 1441-1551 Sentence denotes We collected data on COVID-19 publications using the R PubMed API called "easyPubMed" on 9th of July 2020 [2].
T30 1552-1846 Sentence denotes We set the following query conditions: date between the 31st of December 2019 and 30th of June 2020, and search terms: "novel coronavirus," "coronavirus Wuhan," "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19." We identified articles with or without abstract, original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines.
T31 1847-1949 Sentence denotes We ranked countries based on the number of articles with at least one author coming from each country.
T32 1950-2134 Sentence denotes We confronted the ranking of countries with the highest number of articles on COVID-19 with SCImago ranking of countries with the highest medical researchers' productivity in 2019 [3].
T33 2135-2244 Sentence denotes Moreover, we conducted the Spearman rank correlation test between the number of articles in each country and:
T34 2245-2341 Sentence denotes (a) the total number of COVID-19 cases per one million citizens before the 1st of July 2020 [4],
T35 2342-2454 Sentence denotes (b) the total number of deaths related to COVID-19 per one million citizens before the 1st of July 2020 [5], and
T36 2455-2502 Sentence denotes (c) Human Development Index (HDI) for 2018 [6].
T37 2503-2713 Sentence denotes We choose the R Spearman correlation rank test because the data we analyzed is presented in interval scale (e.g., HDI is an artificial index, and similarly like BMI, non-parametrical tests should be preferred).
T38 2714-2813 Sentence denotes Our data also had many outliers, which is other indication of Spearman correlation rank usefulness.
T39 2814-2927 Sentence denotes We matched journal names with the SCImago journal database that contains information on the journal category [7].
T40 2928-3218 Sentence denotes For instance, "The Lancet Infectious Diseases" is categorized as "Infectious Diseases" journal, while "Clinical Microbiology Reviews" as one of the following: "Epidemiology," "Infectious Diseases," "Microbiology (medical)," or "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health" journal.
T41 3219-3360 Sentence denotes We counted the number of reports on COVID-19 in journals from each category and presented categories with the highest number of publications.
T42 3362-3369 Sentence denotes Results
T43 3370-3462 Sentence denotes In the first half of 2020, the total number of articles published on PubMed equaled 858,641.
T44 3463-3571 Sentence denotes Overall, we identified 27,815 articles on COVID-19, which constitutes 3.24% of all publication in this time.
T45 3572-3727 Sentence denotes Among those we found 18,225 (65.52%) original articles, 2,449 (8.8%) reviews, 69 (0.25%) systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 171 (0.61%) guidelines.
T46 3728-3834 Sentence denotes The remaining 6,901 (24.81%) positions were letters to the editors, commentaries, errata, or unclassified.
T47 3835-4054 Sentence denotes In a per-month analysis we found that in January, two articles (0.007%) on COVID-19 were indexed, 37 (0.13%) in February, 620 (2.23%) in March, 2,514 (9.04%) in April, 5,527 (19.87%) in May, and 18,596 (66.85%) in June.
T48 4055-4167 Sentence denotes From those articles, we retrieved n = 519 preprint publications (n = 319 from medRxiv and n = 200 from bioRxiv).
T49 4168-4234 Sentence denotes We were able to identify 62,051 authors coming from 148 countries.
T50 4235-4363 Sentence denotes Most authors came from China (n = 11,519), followed by the United States of America (n = 9,666) and Italy (n = 7,261) (Table 1).
T51 4364-4484 Sentence denotes Table 1 Top 20 countries with the highest number of publications on COVID-19 between 31 December 2019 and 30 June 2020.
T52 4485-4586 Sentence denotes Rank Country Number of publications with at least one author from the country SCImago country rank
T53 4587-4606 Sentence denotes 1 China 11,519 2
T54 4607-4644 Sentence denotes 2 United States of America 9,666 1
T55 4645-4663 Sentence denotes 3 Italy 7,261 6
T56 4664-4691 Sentence denotes 4 United Kingdom 4,362 3
T57 4692-4711 Sentence denotes 5 France 3,459 9
T58 4712-4731 Sentence denotes 6 India 2,568 10
T59 4732-4751 Sentence denotes 7 Spain 1,765 11
T60 4752-4771 Sentence denotes 8 Canada 1,679 7
T61 4772-4792 Sentence denotes 9 Germany 1,596 4
T62 4793-4812 Sentence denotes 10 Iran 1,349 17
T63 4813-4836 Sentence denotes 11 Australia 1,317 8
T64 4837-4861 Sentence denotes 12 Singapore 1,307 34
T65 4862-4883 Sentence denotes 13 Brazil 1,026 14
T66 4884-4903 Sentence denotes 14 Turkey 924 16
T67 4904-4928 Sentence denotes 15 Switzerland 796 15
T68 4929-4953 Sentence denotes 16 Netherlands 753 12
T69 4954-4971 Sentence denotes 17 Japan 717 5
T70 4972-4991 Sentence denotes 18 Taiwan 643 23
T71 4992-5012 Sentence denotes 19 Belgium 529 20
T72 5013-5164 Sentence denotes 20 Israel 459 26 In most cases, the country rank based on the number of publications on COVID-19 was similar to the SCImago country rank (Figure 1).
T73 5165-5309 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Comparison of SCImago country rank in category medicine and the rank of the countries with the highest number of articles on COVID-19.
T74 5310-5517 Sentence denotes The number of articles per one million citizens was positively associated with the Human Development Index, number of cases, and deaths due to COVID-19 per one million inhabitants (all p < 0.001) (Figure 2).
T75 5518-5792 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Correlation plots between number of articles one author from a country per at least one million citizens and (A) Human Development Index, (B) total number of COVID-19 cases per one million citizens, and (C) total number of COVID-19 deaths per one million citizens.
T76 5793-5943 Sentence denotes We identified 3,156 unique journal names to which we could match 2,571 titles (80.4%), including 27,296 unique articles that we were able to retrieve.
T77 5944-6145 Sentence denotes We found that most of the matched journals belonged to category “Medicine” (n = 5,038), followed by “Infectious Diseases” (n = 2,204) and “Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine” (n = 1,170) (Table 2).
T78 6146-6247 Sentence denotes Table 2 Top 20 journal categories with the highest number of articles on COVID-19 till 30 June 2020.
T79 6248-6286 Sentence denotes Rank Categories Number of articles
T80 6287-6316 Sentence denotes 1 Medicine 5,038 (21.18%)
T81 6317-6356 Sentence denotes 2 Infectious Diseases 2,204 (9.26%)
T82 6357-6415 Sentence denotes 3 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine 1,170 (4.92%)
T83 6416-6445 Sentence denotes 4 Dermatology 708 (2.98%)
T84 6446-6516 Sentence denotes 5 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health 531 (2.23%)
T85 6517-6544 Sentence denotes 6 Neurology 525 (2.21%)
T86 6545-6579 Sentence denotes 7 Gastroenterology 514 (2.16%)
T87 6580-6630 Sentence denotes 8 Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine 511 (2.15%)
T88 6631-6694 Sentence denotes 9 Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology 488 (2.05%)
T89 6695-6755 Sentence denotes 10 Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine 472 (1.98%)
T90 6756-6792 Sentence denotes 11 Internal Medicine 436 (1.83%)
T91 6793-6822 Sentence denotes 12 Hematology 434 (1.82%)
T92 6823-6884 Sentence denotes 13 Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health 433 (1.82%)
T93 6885-6911 Sentence denotes 14 Surgery 425 (1.79%)
T94 6912-6948 Sentence denotes 15 Multidisciplinary 415 (1.74%)
T95 6949-6978 Sentence denotes 16 Immunology 396 (1.66%)
T96 6979-7011 Sentence denotes 17 Health Policy 347 (1.46%)
T97 7012-7071 Sentence denotes 18 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Imaging 337 (1.42%)
T98 7072-7103 Sentence denotes 19 Epidemiology 323 (1.36%)
T99 7104-7142 Sentence denotes 20 Otorhinolaryngology 299 (1.26%)
T100 7144-7154 Sentence denotes Discussion
T101 7155-7290 Sentence denotes In this report, we analyzed COVID-19-related publication productivity based on articles available via PubMed in the first half of 2020.
T102 7291-7389 Sentence denotes COVID-19-themed items considerably contributed to overall medical scholarly output in this period.
T103 7390-7489 Sentence denotes Importantly, most of the papers were original articles-the most essential medical knowledge source.
T104 7490-7589 Sentence denotes However, one in four positions on COVID-19 were minor papers such as editorials, commentaries, etc.
T105 7590-7657 Sentence denotes The growth in the number of articles was approximately geometrical.
T106 7658-7793 Sentence denotes These results have to be taken with caution because preprints were indexed in PubMed with delay resulting from the publication process.
T107 7794-7879 Sentence denotes COVID-19 pandemic is a new health phenomenon, which requires detailed investigations.
T108 7880-7942 Sentence denotes Several factors may enhance COVID-19 publication productivity.
T109 7943-8020 Sentence denotes First, many journals established free open-access for papers on COVID-19 [7].
T110 8021-8086 Sentence denotes Moreover, the most valuable reports may also be rapidly reviewed.
T111 8087-8193 Sentence denotes Many governmental and private institutions donated funds for research on SARS-CoV-2 and its spread [8-10].
T112 8194-8285 Sentence denotes Finally, media coverage of scientific progress related to COVID-19 remains intense [11,12].
T113 8286-8382 Sentence denotes In these circumstances, researchers have additional motivation to rapidly publish their results.
T114 8383-8489 Sentence denotes Every health crisis, like ongoing coronavirus pandemics, requires an acceleration in generating knowledge.
T115 8490-8606 Sentence denotes To further hasten the research, more funding is required to benefit researchers working on emerging health problems.
T116 8607-8835 Sentence denotes Other actions taken by authorities could be increasing the scientists' work time or engaging young researchers, who could increase not only their experience but also relieve more practiced scientists from their current projects.
T117 8836-8898 Sentence denotes Both of these actions require additional funding as well [13].
T118 8899-9045 Sentence denotes We should carefully analyze regular scientific expenditure and additional funding available during COVID-19 pandemics to validate this hypothesis.
T119 9046-9117 Sentence denotes This data should be compared with the research output about SARS-CoV-2.
T120 9118-9224 Sentence denotes To our best knowledge, there is no report concerning medical scientists’ productivity related to COVID-19.
T121 9225-9341 Sentence denotes We showed that authors from countries with higher HDI produced more articles than authors from less developed areas.
T122 9342-9406 Sentence denotes Previous publications also confirmed this disturbing trend [14].
T123 9407-9622 Sentence denotes There is a risk that developing countries generate less new knowledge on COVID-19, which could eventually lead to their further scientific marginalization and poor description of the pandemic in these areas [15,16].
T124 9623-9742 Sentence denotes We also showed that in most cases the country ranking based on COVID-19 publication is similar to SCImago country rank.
T125 9743-9964 Sentence denotes This suggests that authors coming from countries that normally produced the highest number of publications were also the most versatile in switching their scientific work related to the ongoing novel coronavirus pandemic.
T126 9965-10136 Sentence denotes It may also show that research funders from these countries can quickly and efficiently provide scientists with money needed for specific research in emergency situations.
T127 10137-10310 Sentence denotes There is also a possibility that the number of articles produced by authors from different countries varies not only because of lower HDI and severity of COVID-19 pandemics.
T128 10311-10426 Sentence denotes We have to consider the possible impact of factors such as armed conflicts, clinical engagement of physicians, etc.
T129 10427-10543 Sentence denotes Moreover, school closure may cause female researchers to leave scientific work and take care of their children [17].
T130 10544-10883 Sentence denotes Unsurprisingly, most of the articles were published in journals from the general category “Medicine,” and then “Infectious Diseases.” Further, the highest numbers of articles were published in categories “Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine” and “Dermatology.” In fact, COVID-19 may cause heart damage [18] and skin manifestations [19].
T131 10884-11225 Sentence denotes However, it may be suspected that more publications will be published in journals with categories such as “Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health” and “Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,” which will reflect the impact of the virus on public health and the emerging progress on intensive therapy on patients with severe COVID-19.
T132 11226-11235 Sentence denotes Strengths
T133 11236-11370 Sentence denotes First, entire MEDLINE was analyzed using an open API, and the economic and epidemiologic contexts were integrated in the calculations.
T134 11371-11572 Sentence denotes The data we provided suggest that the level of development and scientific productivity prior to the ongoing pandemic determined the efficacy and rate of producing knowledge about a new, unknown danger.
T135 11573-11746 Sentence denotes We may assume that future healthcare crises will also be better researched by countries with higher level of development, which are caring for their scientific productivity.
T136 11747-11786 Sentence denotes This work generates further hypotheses.
T137 11787-11939 Sentence denotes One of them is that greater spending on research proportionately associates with scientific productivity at the time of a public healthcare crisis [20].
T138 11940-12061 Sentence denotes We may also ask whether scientific productivity is associated with better results in fighting with the COVID-19 pandemic.
T139 12062-12073 Sentence denotes Limitations
T140 12074-12108 Sentence denotes The study has several limitations.
T141 12109-12340 Sentence denotes First, we analyzed only articles accessible via PubMed, which include the MEDLINE database and papers included in the National Library of Medicine catalogue [21]. PubMed only recently started to include preprints in search results.
T142 12341-12456 Sentence denotes Second, we did not weight the importance of the research by journals’ criteria, articles’ citations, or altmetrics.
T143 12457-12523 Sentence denotes These features may additionally distinguish most essential papers.
T144 12524-12628 Sentence denotes Finally, we analyzed a limited number of factors that may be associated with the article’s productivity.
T145 12630-12641 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T146 12642-12752 Sentence denotes Most of early COVID-19 research output came from highly developed countries strongly affected by the pandemic.
T147 12753-12873 Sentence denotes We believe that more researches on scientific productivity during the later months of the pandemics should be performed.
T148 12874-13004 Sentence denotes It is also important to further investigate the factors that determine the number of publications coming from different countries.
T149 13005-13042 Sentence denotes Our study, however, had a limitation.
T150 13043-13190 Sentence denotes We did not present the information about scientific expenditure on COVID-19, which could be another interesting topic to cover in further research.