LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 47595-54247 JSONTXT 2 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T273 0-64 Sentence denotes Proinflammatory Molecules Released by Infiltrating Myeloid Cells
T274 66-112 Sentence denotes Circulating inflammatory monocytes/macrophages
T275 113-236 Sentence denotes A detailed account of the role of inflammatory macrophages in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV is reported by He et al. (2007).
T276 237-466 Sentence denotes Animal studies have demonstrated extensive recruitment and accumulation of these cells in the lungs, which correlated with the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the development of ARDS, reviewed by Gralinski and Baric (2015).
T277 467-692 Sentence denotes Interestingly, depletion of these inflammatory macrophages in animals infected with SARS-CoV was associated with a high recovery rate, thus suggesting their critical role in disease pathogenesis (Channappanavar et al., 2016).
T278 693-874 Sentence denotes Similarly, SARS-CoV infection in animals with STAT1 knockout in alternatively activated macrophages displayed attenuated lung damage and protection from disease (Page et al., 2012).
T279 875-1043 Sentence denotes Besides, a large number of clinical studies support an integral role of IMMs in SARS-CoV infected patients (Wong et al., 2004; Tisoncik et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2019).
T280 1044-1249 Sentence denotes Recent studies from BALF from COVID-19 patients have also demonstrated the critical role of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages in the induction of robust proinflammatory reaction (Liao et al., 2020).
T281 1250-1375 Sentence denotes Blood cell analysis of 18 COVID-19 patients revealed an activated status of inflammatory macrophages (Zhang D. et al., 2020).
T282 1376-1532 Sentence denotes In line with these findings, scRNA-seq followed by immune cell profiling of blood cells revealed an increased number of CD14++ monocytes (Wen et al., 2020).
T283 1533-1670 Sentence denotes Severe and critically ill patients also exhibit macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in some cases (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020).
T284 1671-1825 Sentence denotes Thus, all the evidence directs towards a critical role of inflammatory macrophages in disease severity during COVID-19 and a potential therapeutic target.
T285 1826-2002 Sentence denotes Intervention which reduces the impetus to induce MAS like antibodies directed against IL-6 and IL-1β has shown promising clinical outcomes, reviewed by Otsuka and Seino (2020).
T286 2004-2031 Sentence denotes Proinflammatory neutrophils
T287 2032-2261 Sentence denotes Like other innate immune cells, neutrophils are protective in the early phases of infection by neutralizing the viral particles and release of protective molecules to interfere with the viral propagation (Drescher and Bai, 2013).
T288 2262-2399 Sentence denotes However, in severe cases, the number of these cells increases at the sites of infection and they become the leading damage-causing cells.
T289 2400-2650 Sentence denotes Excessive infiltration of these cells in the lungs is associated with secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-23, and IL-36, along with a broad range of other cytokines and damage-causing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs; Tecchio et al., 2014).
T290 2651-2830 Sentence denotes Additionally, these neutrophils also secrete a range of chemokines like CCL2/3/4, CXCL1-13 to attract more neutrophils and monocytes from the circulation (Sokol and Luster, 2015).
T291 2831-2920 Sentence denotes Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
T292 2921-3135 Sentence denotes Immune cell profiling revealed activated status of these cells which was associated with increased levels of NETs and correlated with acute-phase reaction (Chen G. et al., 2020; Qin et al., 2020; Zuo et al., 2020).
T293 3136-3283 Sentence denotes Similarly, an increase in the number of activated neutrophils was present in the BALF of COVID-19 patients (Liao et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2020).
T294 3284-3446 Sentence denotes Thus, based on these recently published studies, the neutrophil number in the blood can be used as a predictive marker for disease severity (Zhang et al., 2020a).
T295 3448-3468 Sentence denotes Natural killer cells
T296 3469-3671 Sentence denotes Natural killer cells are essential in the early phase of viral infection to assist in the clearance of the virus by interacting with death receptors expressed on the infected cells (Vidal et al., 2011).
T297 3672-3819 Sentence denotes Previous clinical studies have shown decreased NK cell number in SARS-CoV patients, which was more pronounced in severe cases (Wang and Xia, 2004).
T298 3820-4062 Sentence denotes A recent blood profile of COVID-19 patients suggested a similar decline in the number of NK cells in severe cases, along with an increased expression of exhaustion markers (Chen X. et al., 2020; Tan L. et al., 2020b; Zheng H.Y. et al., 2020).
T299 4063-4209 Sentence denotes On the contrary, no significant difference was found in the number of total NK cells, in non-ICU vs 10 ICU admitted patients (Zhou et al., 2020a).
T300 4210-4366 Sentence denotes This discrepancy in number could probably be due to differential temporal immune response and the underlying prevailing disease conditions in some patients.
T301 4367-4595 Sentence denotes Immune cell profiling data from early recovery stage (ERS) and late recovery stage (LRS) COVID-19 patients revealed a biphasic effect, with fewer NK cells during early recovery ERS, which recovered during LRS (Wen et al., 2020).
T302 4596-4768 Sentence denotes Thus, besides the underlying disease state, the NK cell number may also be sensitive to the time of sample collection and hence may not serve as a potential disease marker.
T303 4769-5059 Sentence denotes Further, these studies could also suffer from the limitation of the variation in the age of the patients studied which may make it difficult to provide a definite role of these cells concerning COVID-19 disease severity (Nikolich-Zugich et al., 2020), necessitating more conclusive studies.
T304 5061-5111 Sentence denotes Lung resident and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
T305 5112-5259 Sentence denotes Lung resident dendritic cells majorly have a protective role during the early onset of the disease by activating the adaptive immune cell response.
T306 5260-5534 Sentence denotes Under the influence of PAMPs, DAMPs, and inflammatory cytokine signaling, lung resident dendritic cells are conditioned and migrate to the draining lymph node under the influence of CCR7 where they prime naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Braun et al., 2011; Thaiss et al., 2011).
T307 5535-5697 Sentence denotes In contrast, monocyte-derived dendritic cells generate under the influence of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-4, along with other proinflammatory signals (Qu et al., 2014).
T308 5698-5882 Sentence denotes Previous studies have shown elevated secretions of CCL3, CCL5, MCP-1, IP-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 by activated inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) in response to SARS-CoV (Law et al., 2005).
T309 5883-5974 Sentence denotes Recent reports also suggest the presence of activated dendritic cells in COVID-19 patients.
T310 5975-6226 Sentence denotes Notably, meta-transcriptomic sequencing of BALF obtained from 8 COVID-19 patients revealed an activated status of these cells along with neutrophils, as compared to other innate and adaptive immune cells (Yang A.P. et al., 2020; Zhou Z. et al., 2020).
T311 6227-6652 Sentence denotes Thus, based on previous clinical studies on SARS-CoV infection and recent emerging studies on SARS-CoV-2, it is evident that hyperinflammatory immune response in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients is mainly mounted by infiltrated innate immune cells at the site of infection with a substantial contribution by the adaptive immune cells as discussed below in the section on the dysfunctional adaptive immune response.