| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T254 |
0-105 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Circulating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and histones serve as potential DAMPs during viral infections. |
| T255 |
106-207 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These molecules signal via the TLR pathway and induce robust expression of proinflammatory molecules. |
| T256 |
208-408 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the DAMPs secreted by virus-infected and damaged epithelial cells, the role of high-mobility group box one protein (HMGB1) and S100 are well known (Leiva-Juárez et al., 2018; Gong et al., 2020). |
| T257 |
409-516 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HMGB1 after binding to TLR4 induces activation of NF-κB signaling and release of proinflammatory molecules. |
| T258 |
517-701 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, HMGB1 also activates receptors like TREM1/2, and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which are also involved in NF-κB activation (Yang and Tracey, 2010). |
| T259 |
702-867 |
Sentence |
denotes |
S100 initiates similar downstream signaling after binding with TLR4 and RAGE receptors (Ma et al., 2017), these studies were recently reviewed by Gong et al. (2020). |
| T260 |
868-1045 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Previous animal studies with other respiratory viruses have shown a close correlation of increased serum HMGB1 levels with lung injury and disease severity (Patel et al., 2018). |
| T261 |
1046-1208 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, elevated expression of S100A9 was present in patients during acute lung injury mediated by the respiratory syncytial viral (RSV; Foronjy et al., 2016). |
| T262 |
1209-1501 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although as of now, presence of HMGB1 has no report in COVID-19 patients, the damage in the lung parenchyma in post-mortem biopsies suggests that it is highly likely that this protein may implicate in disease pathogenesis and hyperinflammation (Andersson et al., 2020; Zhang Q. et al., 2020). |
