LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 34023-37025 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T195 0-45 Sentence denotes Early Immune Response by Alveolar Macrophages
T196 46-205 Sentence denotes Lung resident macrophages like AM are generally present in the terminal airways where they serve a regulatory function to maintain normal cellular homeostasis.
T197 206-320 Sentence denotes Previous studies have defined a critical role of these cells in successful viral clearance (Hartwig et al., 2014).
T198 321-461 Sentence denotes Depletion of these cells in animals infected with mouse hepatitis virus type 1 (MHV-1) resulted in a marked reduction of antiviral response.
T199 462-527 Sentence denotes AMs have also been shown indispensable during SARS-CoV infection.
T200 528-652 Sentence denotes The depletion of these cells was associated with worsened disease outcomes in a mouse model of SARS-CoV (Page et al., 2012).
T201 653-853 Sentence denotes Further, BALF fluid analysis of SARS-CoV infected patients revealed an increase in AM population, which persisted over two months and significantly correlated with viral clearance (Wang et al., 2005).
T202 854-1136 Sentence denotes In addition to their activation by the secondary response during viral infection, few in vitro studies have shown that these cells can also be directly targeted by SARS-CoV (Mossel et al., 2008; Joel Funk et al., 2012), though contradictory reports are available (Yip et al., 2014).
T203 1137-1359 Sentence denotes Overall, the data supporting the antiviral response by AMs cells is largely based on other respiratory infections like influenza virus and MERS, with a few reports on SARS-CoV (Mossel et al., 2008; Joel Funk et al., 2012).
T204 1360-1604 Sentence denotes Studying these responses in COVID-19 patients may be challenging due to technical limitations (like difficulty in obtaining the optimal number of these cells from the lungs and their rapid functional and phenotypic changes during cell culture).
T205 1605-1740 Sentence denotes However, we can draw inferences from other cell types and correlate specific markers from cells directly obtained from the lung tissue.
T206 1741-1891 Sentence denotes One such recent elegant study using scRNA-seq and cluster analysis revealed the activation status of AMs in BALF fluid derived from COVID-19 patients.
T207 1892-2052 Sentence denotes The analysis is based on the signature genes expressed by these cells, which are markedly different from recruited inflammatory macrophages (Liao et al., 2020).
T208 2053-2233 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, the number of these cells declined in patients with severe disease symptoms, and the presence of proinflammatory macrophages can take their place (Liao et al., 2020).
T209 2234-2406 Sentence denotes A recent study (pre-print, not yet peer-reviewed) has shown infection and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in macrophages present in lymph nodes and spleen (Chen Y. et al., 2020).
T210 2407-2527 Sentence denotes However, direct infection and replication of the virus was not explored in detail, specifically under in vitro settings.
T211 2528-2647 Sentence denotes Previous studies on SARS-CoV suggest low replication in these cells, probably due to phagocytosis (Yilla et al., 2005).
T212 2648-3002 Sentence denotes Thus, these results suggest that AMs’ response to SARS-CoV-2 may be complicated but necessary for the activation and recruitment of other innate cells like monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and essential in the regulation of the adaptive immune system (Soroosh et al., 2013; Hartwig et al., 2014; Meischel et al., 2020).