LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 27371-31760 JSONTXT 2 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T158 0-19 Sentence denotes Interferon Response
T159 20-191 Sentence denotes By initiating an early antiviral response, signaling via IFNs and ISGs is critical for the viral clearance and an impediment for the development of the pathological state.
T160 192-312 Sentence denotes Several in vitro and animal studies have established the central role of these signaling pathways in SARS-CoV infection.
T161 313-545 Sentence denotes STAT1 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV exhibited severe disease symptoms, conferred by increased viral replication and propagation and was further associated with reduced survival rate (Hogan et al., 2004; Frieman et al., 2010).
T162 546-751 Sentence denotes Similarly, SARS-CoV propagation increases in IFNR1-/- and ILFNLR1/- double knockout mice, suggesting an essential role of these signaling pathways in mitigating antiviral response (Mahlakõiv et al., 2012).
T163 752-864 Sentence denotes Recent in vitro studies point to a more robust IFN response generated by SARS-CoV-2 compared to its predecessor.
T164 865-971 Sentence denotes Epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 displayed better IFN response than cells infected with SARS-CoV.
T165 972-1097 Sentence denotes This IFN response was STAT1 phosphorylation-dependent with subsequent expression of antiviral ISGs (Lokugamage et al., 2020).
T166 1098-1363 Sentence denotes In line with these in vitro findings, transcriptome data from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) taken from 8 COVID-19 patients revealed extensive upregulation of about 83 ISGs, suggesting robust IFN response generated against SARS-CoV-2 (Zhou Z. et al., 2020).
T167 1364-1584 Sentence denotes Further, a study by Ziegler et al. (2020) suggested that ACE2 may also act as a type of ISG in some respiratory epithelial cells; this may point towards using ACE2 modulators as viable therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2.
T168 1585-1724 Sentence denotes Based on the recent clinical data on COVID-19 patients, we can infer that mild/moderate patients should possess optimal early IFN response.
T169 1725-1863 Sentence denotes Whereas, weak or delayed IFN response may be the tipping point in eliciting hyperinflammatory state, allowing extensive viral propagation.
T170 1864-2056 Sentence denotes Previous studies in animal models have shown that early IFN response was the determining factor in inhibiting viral propagation and attenuating disease condition (Channappanavar et al., 2016).
T171 2057-2206 Sentence denotes In line with this, a recent study has shown that COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate conditions possess functional type I and type III IFN response.
T172 2207-2324 Sentence denotes Specifically, patients with mild/moderate symptoms have adequate levels of IFNA transcript and protein in the plasma.
T173 2325-2544 Sentence denotes The presence of detectable IFN levels in these subsets of patients was also associated with the expression of downstream signaling receptors and molecules like IFNAR1, JAK1, and TYK2, suggesting functional IFN response.
T174 2545-2672 Sentence denotes However, no IFNB mRNA or protein was detected, while optimal levels of IFN-λ were detected both at the mRNA and protein levels.
T175 2673-2817 Sentence denotes Expectedly, the levels of type I and type III IFNs positively correlated with the viral load and severity of the disease (Hadjadj et al., 2020).
T176 2818-3065 Sentence denotes In agreement with the critical role of early IFN response in attenuating infectious state, another study finds that cells pre-treated with IFN-β or IFN-λ exhibit resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection by significantly decreasing the virus copy number.
T177 3066-3168 Sentence denotes Similarly, 3D culture organoids pre-treated with either IFN-β or IFN-λ led to reduced viral infection.
T178 3169-3383 Sentence denotes Cells depleted for either IFNAR1 or IFNLR1 had an overall increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, suggesting the integral role of IFN signaling in attenuating viral propagation (Stanifer et al., 2020).
T179 3384-3552 Sentence denotes Further, IFN response was adequate in younger patients compared to older ones, which may partly explain the higher risk of infection in older people (Wei et al., 2020).
T180 3553-3826 Sentence denotes Additionally, people with comorbid conditions like diabetes – a condition associated with impaired IFN response, are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which further points toward the critical role of IFN signaling in the early clearance of the virus (Erener, 2020).
T181 3827-4038 Sentence denotes However, a comprehensive and longitudinal analysis of the IFN response in mild/moderate patients is warranted to understand the functional consequence of this immune response throughout the disease and recovery.
T182 4039-4336 Sentence denotes Overall, considering the relatively better IFN response and ISG expression induced by SARS-CoV-2, one can argue that this functional immune response is a probable reason for the relatively lower mortality rate seen in COVID-19, compared to previous SARS-CoV and MERS infections (Meo et al., 2020).
T183 4337-4389 Sentence denotes However, these early findings warrant further proof.