LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 125046-142732 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T734 0-2 Sentence denotes S.
T735 3-56 Sentence denotes No No. of patients Findings Sample References
T736 57-59 Sentence denotes 1.
T737 61-67 Sentence denotes Total:
T738 68-76 Sentence denotes 40 Mild:
T739 77-87 Sentence denotes 27 Severe:
T740 88-496 Sentence denotes 13 • Decrease in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell counts were observed suggesting lymphocytopenia• Increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in severe cases• No significant changes were observed in IL-4 and TNF-α levels• The number of T cells increased in patients who recovered from the disease, along with a decrease in the cytokine levels comparable to mild cases Peripheral blood/Serum (Liu J. et al., 2020)
T741 497-499 Sentence denotes 2.
T742 501-507 Sentence denotes Total:
T743 508-528 Sentence denotes 147 Healthy control:
T744 529-546 Sentence denotes 45 Mild/moderate:
T745 547-557 Sentence denotes 42 Severe:
T746 558-570 Sentence denotes 43 Critical:
T747 571-910 Sentence denotes 17 • Increased levels of serum cytokines like TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were found in all COVID-19 patients• Similarly, CRP levels were increased in all COVID-19 patients, which showed positive correlation with IL-10• IL-6 and IL-10 levels were suggested as predictive disease severity biomarkers Serum (Han et al., 2020)
T748 911-913 Sentence denotes 3.
T749 915-933 Sentence denotes Total:138 Non-ICU:
T750 934-942 Sentence denotes 102 ICU:
T751 943-1242 Sentence denotes 32 • Ninety-seven patients from both the groups showed lymphocytopenia.• Neutrophil count was significantly higher in ICU patients.• ICU patients showed significantly elevated levels of D-dimer, creatine kinase–MB, LD, ALT, AST, and procalcitonin suggesting multiple organ dysfunction in ICU cases.
T752 1244-1290 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Wang D. et al., 2020)
T753 1291-1293 Sentence denotes 4.
T754 1295-1315 Sentence denotes Total:191 Recovered:
T755 1316-1329 Sentence denotes 137 Deceased:
T756 1330-1404 Sentence denotes 58 • Deceased patients had lower levels of lymphocyte and platelet count.
T757 1405-1720 Sentence denotes Whereas higher levels of ALT, LDH, creatinine, creatinine kinase, troponin I, Serum ferritin, and D-dimer was observed in deceased patients’ samples• d-DIMER was suggested as a potential marker for COVID-19 severity• Higher IL-6 levels were found in deceased patients Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhou F. et al., 2020)
T758 1721-1723 Sentence denotes 5.
T759 1725-1742 Sentence denotes Total:41 Non-ICU:
T760 1743-1750 Sentence denotes 28 ICU:
T761 1751-2111 Sentence denotes 13 • Decrease in total lymphocyte count while increase in neutrophil count was observed in ICU patients.• Higher plasma levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, GCSF, IP-10 (CXCL10), CCL2, CCL3, and TNF-α were observed in ICU patients as compared to non-ICU.• Increased levels of TH2 cytokine IL-4 was reported.• Increased levels of D-dimer, ALT, and AST in ICU patients.
T762 2113-2160 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Huang C. et al., 2020)
T763 2161-2163 Sentence denotes 6.
T764 2165-2185 Sentence denotes Total:150 Recovered:
T765 2186-2198 Sentence denotes 82 Deceased:
T766 2199-2425 Sentence denotes 68 • Increased levels of absolute lymphocyte count.• Significantly increased levels of IL-6, blood creatinine, myoglobin, cardiac troponin, CRP, total bilirubin, and blood urea nitrogen were observed in the deceased patients.
T767 2426-2515 Sentence denotes Further, higher levels of ALT, AST, LDH, creatinine, and creatinine kinase were observed.
T768 2517-2560 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Ruan et al., 2020)
T769 2561-2563 Sentence denotes 7.
T770 2565-2583 Sentence denotes Total:50 moderate:
T771 2584-2594 Sentence denotes 14 Severe:
T772 2595-2613 Sentence denotes 25 Critically ill:
T773 2614-3097 Sentence denotes 11 • Total percentage CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in the severe cases along with increase in total neutrophil percentage, indicating overall dysfunctional immune response.• Increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-1ra, IL-2ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, HGF, CCL7, MIG, M-CSF, G-CSF, MIG-1a, CTACK, and IP-10.• IP-10, CCL7, and IL-1RA were higher in severe cases compared to moderate.• Lymphocytopenia and increased neutrophil count was suggested to correlate with disease severe.
T774 3099-3145 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Yang Y. et al., 2020)
T775 3146-3148 Sentence denotes 8.
T776 3150-3168 Sentence denotes Total:21 moderate:
T777 3169-3564 Sentence denotes 10 Severe:11 • Absolute count of lymphocytes was decreased and specifically levels of CD4+ T and CD8+ T were lower in severe cases.• Higher levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were observed in severe cases.• Higher levels of ALT, LDH, CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer was detected in severe cases.• Further, levels of IFN-γ levels specifically measured in CD4+ T cells were lower in severe cases.
T778 3566-3612 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen G. et al., 2020)
T779 3613-3615 Sentence denotes 9.
T780 3617-3716 Sentence denotes Total:1 deceased • CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were reduced, however, they exhibited activated status.
T781 3717-3889 Sentence denotes Higher cytotoxic granules in CD8+ T cells indicated overactivation.• Increased levels of TH17 cells.• Inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates were observed in the lung tissue.
T782 3891-3935 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Xu Z. et al., 2020)
T783 3936-3939 Sentence denotes 10.
T784 3941-3947 Sentence denotes Total:
T785 3948-3963 Sentence denotes 452 Non-Severe:
T786 3964-3975 Sentence denotes 166 Severe:
T787 3976-4041 Sentence denotes 286 • The total number of T cells were decreased in severe case.
T788 4042-4218 Sentence denotes Further lower levels of CD4+ regulatory and CD8+ suppressor T cells was observed in severe cases.• Severe cases exhibited higher neutrophil counts and an increase in NLR ratio.
T789 4219-4432 Sentence denotes Whereas blood monocytes and eosinophil counts were lower.• Among the proinflammatory markers, increased levels of TNF-α, IL-2R, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 along with CRP, serum ferritin, and procalcitonin was observed.
T790 4433-4486 Sentence denotes Whereas no significant difference in IL-1β was found.
T791 4488-4530 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Qin et al., 2020)
T792 4531-4534 Sentence denotes 11.
T793 4536-4542 Sentence denotes Total:
T794 4543-4560 Sentence denotes 56 Mild/Moderate:
T795 4561-4570 Sentence denotes 31 Sever:
T796 4571-4660 Sentence denotes 25 • The levels of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells were lower in severe cases.
T797 4661-4808 Sentence denotes Whereas, TREG cells were found to be moderately increased in mild cases.• Higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were found in severe cases.
T798 4809-4868 Sentence denotes Increase in IL-4 was observed in mild but not severe cases.
T799 4869-5033 Sentence denotes Further, IL-2 and IL-6 were suggested as reliable indicators for disease severity.• Serum leves were inconsistent with low levels or unchanged in COVID-19 patients.
T800 5035-5081 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Tan M. et al., 2020c)
T801 5082-5085 Sentence denotes 12.
T802 5087-5093 Sentence denotes Total:
T803 5094-5109 Sentence denotes 222 Non-severe:
T804 5110-5120 Sentence denotes 81 Severe:
T805 5121-5287 Sentence denotes 67 • Higher NLR with lower levels of CD4+, CD8+ T cells in severe cases.• Higher cytokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 was found in patients with high NLR.
T806 5288-5476 Sentence denotes No significant difference in IL-4 levels were observed between severe and non-severe cases.• NLR was suggested as a predictive disease marker Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhang et al., 2020a)
T807 5477-5480 Sentence denotes 13.
T808 5482-5488 Sentence denotes Total:
T809 5489-5502 Sentence denotes 25 Recovered:
T810 5503-5520 Sentence denotes 14 Non-recovered:
T811 5521-5639 Sentence denotes 11 • Lower levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T, NK cells as well as B cells were found in COVID-19 patients.
T812 5640-5877 Sentence denotes Treated patients who exhibited clearance of virus showed restoration in levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, whereas NK cell count was inconsistent.• Lymphocytopenia was considered as predicative biomarker for the disease.
T813 5879-5919 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Chen X. et al., 2020)
T814 5920-5923 Sentence denotes 14.
T815 5925-5931 Sentence denotes Total:
T816 5932-5943 Sentence denotes 22 Healthy:
T817 5944-5961 Sentence denotes 10 Mild/Moderate:
T818 5962-5972 Sentence denotes 10 Severe:
T819 5973-6130 Sentence denotes 6 • Marked reduction in functional CD4+ T cells was observed, as revealed by decrease in IFN-γ, and TNF-α produced by these cells in severe group than mild.
T820 6131-6489 Sentence denotes CD8+ T cells revealed activation profile as marked by increased levels of granzyme B and perforin in severe than mild cases.• CD8+ cells had increased expression of exhaustion marker CTLA-4 in severe than mild and increased PD-1 in mild than healthy group.• No significant differences in IL-6 and TNF-α was observed between severe, mild and healthy controls.
T821 6490-6532 Sentence denotes However, an increasing trend was observed.
T822 6534-6583 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zheng H.Y. et al., 2020)
T823 6584-6587 Sentence denotes 15.
T824 6589-6595 Sentence denotes Total:
T825 6596-6613 Sentence denotes 68 Mild/Moderate:
T826 6614-6624 Sentence denotes 55 Severe:
T827 6625-6870 Sentence denotes 13 • Decreased number of CD8+ T and NK cells in patients showing severe symptoms.• Decrease in expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, granzyme-B by CD8+ T, and decrease in TNF-α expression by NK cells was observed, indicating CD8+ T and NK cell exhaustion.
T828 6872-6919 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zheng M. et al., 2020)
T829 6920-6923 Sentence denotes 16.
T830 6925-6931 Sentence denotes Total:
T831 6932-7261 Sentence denotes 99 patients with mild to severe symptoms • Decrease in lymphocyte count and increase in neutrophils was observed when compared to the normal range.• Increased serum levels of IL-6, D-dimer, ALT, AST, LDH, Myoglobin, Procalcitonin, Serum ferritin, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP was observed in all the studied patients.
T832 7262-7328 Sentence denotes Serum creatinine, and creatinine kinase showed inconsistent trend.
T833 7330-7376 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen N. et al., 2020)
T834 7377-7380 Sentence denotes 17.
T835 7382-7388 Sentence denotes Total:
T836 7389-7407 Sentence denotes 522 Mild/moderate:
T837 7408-7419 Sentence denotes 151 Severe:
T838 7420-7741 Sentence denotes 53 • Decreased number of total CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in most of the patients with further decrease reported in patients who were admitted to ICU.• T cell exhaustion markers like PD1 and TIM3 were higher in severe disease patients.• Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were higher in symptomatic patients.
T839 7742-7967 Sentence denotes However, no significant changes in the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were observed across groups.• T cell count restored and levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased as the disease resolved in a subset of patients.
T840 7969-8012 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Diao et al., 2020)
T841 8013-8016 Sentence denotes 18.
T842 8018-8024 Sentence denotes Total:
T843 8025-8038 Sentence denotes 710 Survivor:
T844 8039-8056 Sentence denotes 20 Non-survivors:
T845 8057-8169 Sentence denotes 32 • Blood analysis of non-survivors revealed decreased total lymphocyte count, and increase in platelet count.
T846 8170-8261 Sentence denotes Serum analysis revealed increase in total bilirubin, creatinine, and lactate concentration.
T847 8263-8309 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Yang X. et al., 2020)
T848 8310-8313 Sentence denotes 19.
T849 8315-8321 Sentence denotes Total:
T850 8322-8516 Sentence denotes 34 patients with varying disease severity • Presence of increased levels of inflammatory monocytes in the blood which were found to secrete proinflammatory cytokines like IL-10, IL6, and TNF-α.
T851 8518-8565 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhang D. et al., 2020)
T852 8566-8569 Sentence denotes 20.
T853 8571-8591 Sentence denotes Total:80 Non-severe:
T854 8592-8602 Sentence denotes 11 Severe:
T855 8603-8821 Sentence denotes 69 • The levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and LDH were shown to be associated with longer treatment modality.• IL-6 levels were shown to positively correlate with disease severity and suggested as a predictive biomarker.
T856 8823-8851 Sentence denotes Serum (Liu T. et al., 2020)
T857 8852-8855 Sentence denotes 21.
T858 8857-8874 Sentence denotes Total:36 Healthy:
T859 8875-8886 Sentence denotes 10 Non-ICU:
T860 8887-8894 Sentence denotes 16 ICU:
T861 8895-9027 Sentence denotes 10 • Significant decrease in total lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed in ICU patients as compared to non-ICU.
T862 9028-9085 Sentence denotes Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibited activated phenotype.
T863 9086-9297 Sentence denotes However, no changes were observed in B cells and NK cells between ICU and non-ICU patients.• Higher percentage of inflammatory monocytes were detected in COVID-19 patients, with further increase in ICU patients.
T864 9298-9369 Sentence denotes These monocytes were shown to secrete higher levels of GM-CSF and IL-6.
T865 9371-9409 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Zhou et al., 2020a)
T866 9410-9413 Sentence denotes 22.
T867 9415-9435 Sentence denotes Total:799 Recovered:
T868 9436-9449 Sentence denotes 161 Deceased:
T869 9450-9526 Sentence denotes 113 • Leukocytosis was observed in 56 patients who died due to the disease.
T870 9527-9884 Sentence denotes Deceased patients had robust decrease in lymphocytes and displayed lymphocytopenia.• Levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were higher in deceased as compared to the recovered patients.• Serum levels of D-dimer, ferritin, ALT, AST, procalcitonin, creatinine creatine kinase, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT were markedly increased in deceased patients.
T871 9886-9932 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen T. et al., 2020)
T872 9933-9936 Sentence denotes 23.
T873 9938-9944 Sentence denotes Total:
T874 9945-9964 Sentence denotes 70 Moderate- cured:
T875 9965-9981 Sentence denotes 40 Severe-cured:
T876 9982-9991 Sentence denotes 15 Death:
T877 9992-10087 Sentence denotes 15 • Robust decline in lymphocyte percentage in blood of patients who died due to the disease.
T878 10088-10292 Sentence denotes Whereas, substantial recovery of the blood lymphocyte percentage was seen in the patients who recovered from the disease.• The study suggests lymphocytopenia as a predictive prognosis marker for COVID-19.
T879 10294-10334 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Tan L. et al., 2020b)
T880 10335-10338 Sentence denotes 24.
T881 10340-10346 Sentence denotes Total:
T882 10347-10364 Sentence denotes 70 Mild/Moderate:
T883 10365-10376 Sentence denotes 8 Critical:
T884 10377-10388 Sentence denotes 10 Control:
T885 10389-10603 Sentence denotes 10 • Serum levels of CCL5 was highly increased in critically ill patients as compared to mild/moderate and healthy control.• Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and other chemokines CXCL8, CCL4, CCL3 were also increased.
T886 10605-10636 Sentence denotes Serum (Patterson et al., 2020)
T887 10637-10640 Sentence denotes 25.
T888 10642-10648 Sentence denotes Total:
T889 10649-10666 Sentence denotes 54 Mild/Moderate:
T890 10667-10677 Sentence denotes 26 Severe:
T891 10678-10936 Sentence denotes 28 • Macrophage activation syndrome along with hyperactivation of monocytes was found in severe cases.• Decrease in lymphocyte number (CD4+T and B cells) along with decline in NK cells was observed.• Blood IL-6 and CRP levels were increased in severe cases.
T892 10937-11025 Sentence denotes Further, increased levels of fibrinogen, D-dimers, creatinine was found in severe cases.
T893 11027-11088 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020)
T894 11089-11092 Sentence denotes 26.
T895 11094-11100 Sentence denotes Total:
T896 11101-11124 Sentence denotes 48 SARS-CoV-2 positive:
T897 11125-11148 Sentence denotes 24 SARS-CoV-2 negative:
T898 11149-11441 Sentence denotes 24 • Reduced IFN-I and IFN-III response was observed in patient samples as well as in in-vitro cell culture model of primary respiratory epithelial cells.• Increase in serum levels of IL-6, IL1RA, CCL2, CCL8 CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL16 were observed in Serum (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020)
T899 11442-11445 Sentence denotes 27.
T900 11447-11456 Sentence denotes COVID-19:
T901 11457-11470 Sentence denotes 1484 Healthy:
T902 11471-11480 Sentence denotes 9 Others:
T903 11481-11779 Sentence denotes 272 • Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed in serum of COVID-19 patients as compared to the healthy control or patients with multiple myeloma.• IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were associated with worst disease outcome and suggested as the predictive indicators of the disease.
T904 11781-11812 Sentence denotes Serum (Del Valle et al., 2020)
T905 11813-11816 Sentence denotes 28.
T906 11818-11824 Sentence denotes Total:
T907 11825-11838 Sentence denotes 102 COVID-19:
T908 11839-11846 Sentence denotes 27 Flu:
T909 11847-12030 Sentence denotes 75 • COVID-19 patients showed increased levels of serum CRP, which was associated with disease progression.• CRP levels were suggested as a predictive marker in early stage COVID-19.
T910 12032-12060 Sentence denotes Serum (Tan C. et al., 2020)
T911 12061-12064 Sentence denotes 29.
T912 12066-12072 Sentence denotes Total:
T913 12073-12091 Sentence denotes 132 Mild/moderate:
T914 12092-12102 Sentence denotes 60 Severe:
T915 12103-12115 Sentence denotes 56 Critical:
T916 12116-12201 Sentence denotes 16 • Decreased lymphocyte number was observed in severe and critically ill patients.
T917 12202-12343 Sentence denotes Similarly, increased levels of serum CRP and SAA was observed.• SAA along with lymphocytopenia was suggested as a predicative disease marker.
T918 12345-12389 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Li H. et al., 2020)
T919 12390-12393 Sentence denotes 30.
T920 12395-12401 Sentence denotes Total:
T921 12402-12420 Sentence denotes 377 Mild/moderate:
T922 12421-12432 Sentence denotes 260 Severe:
T923 12433-12631 Sentence denotes 117 • Increased NLR, along with increased levels of serum CRP and D-dimer were observed in patients with severe disease symptoms.• NLT, CRP and d-DIMER were suggested as predictive disease markers.
T924 12633-12677 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhou et al., 2020b)
T925 12678-12681 Sentence denotes 31.
T926 12683-12689 Sentence denotes Total:
T927 12690-12708 Sentence denotes 377 Mild/moderate:
T928 12709-12719 Sentence denotes 69 Severe:
T929 12720-12818 Sentence denotes 24 • Significantly higher NLR, PLR, LMR, and total neutrophil count was observed in severe cases.
T930 12819-12966 Sentence denotes Whereas, the count of lymphocytes was decreased.• Serum CRP levels were higher in severe cases.• NLR was suggested as predictive disease biomarker.
T931 12968-13010 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Yang A.P. et al., 2020)
T932 13011-13014 Sentence denotes 32.
T933 13016-13022 Sentence denotes Total:
T934 13023-13033 Sentence denotes 18 Severe:
T935 13034-13046 Sentence denotes 16 Critical:
T936 13047-13407 Sentence denotes 2 • Increased activation profile of CD4+, CD8+ and plasmablasts was seen in COVID-19 patients.• Interestingly severe cases were associated with activated profile of CD4+ T cells, lower number of TFH cells and exhaustive CD8+ T cells.• Increased levels of serum AST, CRP, and creatinine kinase was observed.• CRP was suggested as the predictive disease marker.
T937 13409-13455 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Wang G. et al., 2020)
T938 13456-13459 Sentence denotes 33.
T939 13461-13467 Sentence denotes Total:
T940 13468-13479 Sentence denotes 221 Normal:
T941 13480-13493 Sentence denotes 36 Recovered:
T942 13494-13506 Sentence denotes 60 COVID-19:
T943 13507-14063 Sentence denotes 125 • CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were associated with the expression of activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR), proliferation markers (Ki-67), and exhaustion markers (PD-1).• This elaborate study characterized 200 immune parameters and correlated with clinical features and disease severity.• Increase in chemokines like CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL2, and IL-1RA were observed in half of the COVID-19 patients.• Increased levels of ferritin, D-dimer, and CRP were observed in COVID-19 patients as compared to healthy controls or recovered patients. (Mathew et al., 2020)
T944 14064-14067 Sentence denotes 34.
T945 14069-14075 Sentence denotes Total:
T946 14076-14084 Sentence denotes 41 Mild:
T947 14085-14095 Sentence denotes 29 Severe:
T948 14096-14432 Sentence denotes 12 • Slight lymphocytopenia was observed in mild patients and significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients as revealed by decrease in CD4+, CD8+ and NK cell number.• Peripheral blood showed increased activation status of CD8+ T with higher percentage of CD38+CD8+, CD38+HLA-DR, and CD38+HLA-DR+CD8+ cells in severe than mild cases.
T949 14433-14734 Sentence denotes While no significant changes were seen in CD4+• Increased expression of exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3 was observed in CD8+, and PD-1 in CD4+ T cells in case of severe cases than mild.• Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-5 were observed in COVID-19 patients.
T950 14736-14773 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Song et al., 2020)
T951 14774-14777 Sentence denotes 35.
T952 14779-14785 Sentence denotes Total:
T953 14786-14991 Sentence denotes 82 (deceased) • Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia was observed.• Increased levels of CRP, LDH, ALT, and D-dimer were found.• Increased levels of IL-6 Peripheral blood (Zhang et al., 2020b)
T954 14992-14995 Sentence denotes 36.
T955 14997-15011 Sentence denotes Total:24 Mild:
T956 15012-15021 Sentence denotes 4 Severe:
T957 15022-15033 Sentence denotes 5 Critical:
T958 15034-15265 Sentence denotes 3 • Innate immune cells like monocytes, NK cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells increased from mild to severe cases than declined in the critically ill patients.• CD8+ T cell subsets were decreased in all the disease groups.
T959 15266-15347 Sentence denotes However, CD4+ T, naïve CD4+ T, and TGF-β+CD28- naïve CD4+ T cells were increased.
T960 15348-15520 Sentence denotes On the contrary memory CD4+ T cells were decreased.• Levels of functional molecules such as CXCR3, CD28, and TGF-β were increased in patients as compared to health control.
T961 15522-15551 Sentence denotes PBMCs (Wang W. et al., 2020)
T962 15552-15555 Sentence denotes 37.
T963 15557-15563 Sentence denotes Total:
T964 15564-15576 Sentence denotes 53 Moderate:
T965 15577-15587 Sentence denotes 21 Severe:
T966 15588-15600 Sentence denotes 18 Critical:
T967 15601-15706 Sentence denotes 14 • CD11a expressing lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells were decreased in critically ill patients.
T968 15707-15864 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it was suggested that T cell decline in circulation may be associated with increased infiltration of these cells toward the site of infection.
T969 15865-15932 Sentence denotes Whereas recovered patients showed reduced decline in CD11a T cells.
T970 15933-16103 Sentence denotes Thus, CD11a positive T cells were suggested as a possible prognostic marker of COVID-19.• Interestingly, eosinophil number was increased patients who were critically ill.
T971 16105-16131 Sentence denotes PBMCs (Anft et al., 2020)
T972 16132-16135 Sentence denotes 38.
T973 16137-16150 Sentence denotes BALF Healthy:
T974 16151-16162 Sentence denotes 3 Patients:
T975 16163-16179 Sentence denotes 2 PBMCs Healthy:
T976 16180-16191 Sentence denotes 3 Patients:
T977 16192-16423 Sentence denotes 3 • RNA-seq analysis was performed.• Increased transcript levels of IL-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-1A, and CCL4/MIP1B in BALF.• Increased transcript levels of CXCL10, TNFSF10, TIMP1, C5, IL18, AREG, NRG1, IL10 in PBMCs.
T978 16425-16461 Sentence denotes PBMCs and BALF (Xiong et al., 2020)
T979 16462-16465 Sentence denotes 39.
T980 16467-16473 Sentence denotes Total:
T981 16474-16485 Sentence denotes 12 Healthy:
T982 16486-16497 Sentence denotes 3 Moderate:
T983 16498-16516 Sentence denotes 3 Severe/critical:
T984 16517-17241 Sentence denotes 6 • Single cell RNA-seq analysis was performed followed by cluster analysis to determine the immune cell type.• Proliferative and less expandable CD8+ T lymphocytes were present in severe/critically ill patient BALF samples, whereas moderate cases showed more expandable and less proliferative phenotype.• Increased macrophages and neutrophils were detected in the BALF of patients exhibiting severe/critical disease symptoms.• Higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were observed in all the patients.• Increased levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were consistently seen in all the patients.• Lung macrophages displayed higher transcripts of IL1B, IL6, TNFA, along with chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL7 in severe cases.
T985 17243-17268 Sentence denotes BALF (Liao et al., 2020)
T986 17269-17272 Sentence denotes 40.
T987 17274-17280 Sentence denotes Total:
T988 17281-17293 Sentence denotes 174 Healthy:
T989 17294-17306 Sentence denotes 20 COVID-19:
T990 17307-17316 Sentence denotes 8 Others:
T991 17317-17656 Sentence denotes 146 • Transcript levels of IL1RN, IL1B, CXCL17, CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, CCL7 were increased in COVID-19 patients in comparison to healthy controls.• Upregulation of calgranulin genes S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 were observed.• Interferon response was also observed as indicated by upregulation of about 83 ISGs in COVID-19 patients.
T992 17658-17686 Sentence denotes BALF (Zhou Z. et al., 2020)