LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 124905-142839 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T733 0-140 Sentence denotes TABLE 1 List of some research articles from December 2019 to May 2020 establishing lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
T734 141-143 Sentence denotes S.
T735 144-197 Sentence denotes No No. of patients Findings Sample References
T736 198-200 Sentence denotes 1.
T737 202-208 Sentence denotes Total:
T738 209-217 Sentence denotes 40 Mild:
T739 218-228 Sentence denotes 27 Severe:
T740 229-637 Sentence denotes 13 • Decrease in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell counts were observed suggesting lymphocytopenia• Increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in severe cases• No significant changes were observed in IL-4 and TNF-α levels• The number of T cells increased in patients who recovered from the disease, along with a decrease in the cytokine levels comparable to mild cases Peripheral blood/Serum (Liu J. et al., 2020)
T741 638-640 Sentence denotes 2.
T742 642-648 Sentence denotes Total:
T743 649-669 Sentence denotes 147 Healthy control:
T744 670-687 Sentence denotes 45 Mild/moderate:
T745 688-698 Sentence denotes 42 Severe:
T746 699-711 Sentence denotes 43 Critical:
T747 712-1051 Sentence denotes 17 • Increased levels of serum cytokines like TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were found in all COVID-19 patients• Similarly, CRP levels were increased in all COVID-19 patients, which showed positive correlation with IL-10• IL-6 and IL-10 levels were suggested as predictive disease severity biomarkers Serum (Han et al., 2020)
T748 1052-1054 Sentence denotes 3.
T749 1056-1074 Sentence denotes Total:138 Non-ICU:
T750 1075-1083 Sentence denotes 102 ICU:
T751 1084-1383 Sentence denotes 32 • Ninety-seven patients from both the groups showed lymphocytopenia.• Neutrophil count was significantly higher in ICU patients.• ICU patients showed significantly elevated levels of D-dimer, creatine kinase–MB, LD, ALT, AST, and procalcitonin suggesting multiple organ dysfunction in ICU cases.
T752 1385-1431 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Wang D. et al., 2020)
T753 1432-1434 Sentence denotes 4.
T754 1436-1456 Sentence denotes Total:191 Recovered:
T755 1457-1470 Sentence denotes 137 Deceased:
T756 1471-1545 Sentence denotes 58 • Deceased patients had lower levels of lymphocyte and platelet count.
T757 1546-1861 Sentence denotes Whereas higher levels of ALT, LDH, creatinine, creatinine kinase, troponin I, Serum ferritin, and D-dimer was observed in deceased patients’ samples• d-DIMER was suggested as a potential marker for COVID-19 severity• Higher IL-6 levels were found in deceased patients Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhou F. et al., 2020)
T758 1862-1864 Sentence denotes 5.
T759 1866-1883 Sentence denotes Total:41 Non-ICU:
T760 1884-1891 Sentence denotes 28 ICU:
T761 1892-2252 Sentence denotes 13 • Decrease in total lymphocyte count while increase in neutrophil count was observed in ICU patients.• Higher plasma levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, GCSF, IP-10 (CXCL10), CCL2, CCL3, and TNF-α were observed in ICU patients as compared to non-ICU.• Increased levels of TH2 cytokine IL-4 was reported.• Increased levels of D-dimer, ALT, and AST in ICU patients.
T762 2254-2301 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Huang C. et al., 2020)
T763 2302-2304 Sentence denotes 6.
T764 2306-2326 Sentence denotes Total:150 Recovered:
T765 2327-2339 Sentence denotes 82 Deceased:
T766 2340-2566 Sentence denotes 68 • Increased levels of absolute lymphocyte count.• Significantly increased levels of IL-6, blood creatinine, myoglobin, cardiac troponin, CRP, total bilirubin, and blood urea nitrogen were observed in the deceased patients.
T767 2567-2656 Sentence denotes Further, higher levels of ALT, AST, LDH, creatinine, and creatinine kinase were observed.
T768 2658-2701 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Ruan et al., 2020)
T769 2702-2704 Sentence denotes 7.
T770 2706-2724 Sentence denotes Total:50 moderate:
T771 2725-2735 Sentence denotes 14 Severe:
T772 2736-2754 Sentence denotes 25 Critically ill:
T773 2755-3238 Sentence denotes 11 • Total percentage CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in the severe cases along with increase in total neutrophil percentage, indicating overall dysfunctional immune response.• Increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-1ra, IL-2ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, HGF, CCL7, MIG, M-CSF, G-CSF, MIG-1a, CTACK, and IP-10.• IP-10, CCL7, and IL-1RA were higher in severe cases compared to moderate.• Lymphocytopenia and increased neutrophil count was suggested to correlate with disease severe.
T774 3240-3286 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Yang Y. et al., 2020)
T775 3287-3289 Sentence denotes 8.
T776 3291-3309 Sentence denotes Total:21 moderate:
T777 3310-3705 Sentence denotes 10 Severe:11 • Absolute count of lymphocytes was decreased and specifically levels of CD4+ T and CD8+ T were lower in severe cases.• Higher levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were observed in severe cases.• Higher levels of ALT, LDH, CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer was detected in severe cases.• Further, levels of IFN-γ levels specifically measured in CD4+ T cells were lower in severe cases.
T778 3707-3753 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen G. et al., 2020)
T779 3754-3756 Sentence denotes 9.
T780 3758-3857 Sentence denotes Total:1 deceased • CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were reduced, however, they exhibited activated status.
T781 3858-4030 Sentence denotes Higher cytotoxic granules in CD8+ T cells indicated overactivation.• Increased levels of TH17 cells.• Inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates were observed in the lung tissue.
T782 4032-4076 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Xu Z. et al., 2020)
T783 4077-4080 Sentence denotes 10.
T784 4082-4088 Sentence denotes Total:
T785 4089-4104 Sentence denotes 452 Non-Severe:
T786 4105-4116 Sentence denotes 166 Severe:
T787 4117-4182 Sentence denotes 286 • The total number of T cells were decreased in severe case.
T788 4183-4359 Sentence denotes Further lower levels of CD4+ regulatory and CD8+ suppressor T cells was observed in severe cases.• Severe cases exhibited higher neutrophil counts and an increase in NLR ratio.
T789 4360-4573 Sentence denotes Whereas blood monocytes and eosinophil counts were lower.• Among the proinflammatory markers, increased levels of TNF-α, IL-2R, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 along with CRP, serum ferritin, and procalcitonin was observed.
T790 4574-4627 Sentence denotes Whereas no significant difference in IL-1β was found.
T791 4629-4671 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Qin et al., 2020)
T792 4672-4675 Sentence denotes 11.
T793 4677-4683 Sentence denotes Total:
T794 4684-4701 Sentence denotes 56 Mild/Moderate:
T795 4702-4711 Sentence denotes 31 Sever:
T796 4712-4801 Sentence denotes 25 • The levels of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells were lower in severe cases.
T797 4802-4949 Sentence denotes Whereas, TREG cells were found to be moderately increased in mild cases.• Higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were found in severe cases.
T798 4950-5009 Sentence denotes Increase in IL-4 was observed in mild but not severe cases.
T799 5010-5174 Sentence denotes Further, IL-2 and IL-6 were suggested as reliable indicators for disease severity.• Serum leves were inconsistent with low levels or unchanged in COVID-19 patients.
T800 5176-5222 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Tan M. et al., 2020c)
T801 5223-5226 Sentence denotes 12.
T802 5228-5234 Sentence denotes Total:
T803 5235-5250 Sentence denotes 222 Non-severe:
T804 5251-5261 Sentence denotes 81 Severe:
T805 5262-5428 Sentence denotes 67 • Higher NLR with lower levels of CD4+, CD8+ T cells in severe cases.• Higher cytokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 was found in patients with high NLR.
T806 5429-5617 Sentence denotes No significant difference in IL-4 levels were observed between severe and non-severe cases.• NLR was suggested as a predictive disease marker Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhang et al., 2020a)
T807 5618-5621 Sentence denotes 13.
T808 5623-5629 Sentence denotes Total:
T809 5630-5643 Sentence denotes 25 Recovered:
T810 5644-5661 Sentence denotes 14 Non-recovered:
T811 5662-5780 Sentence denotes 11 • Lower levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T, NK cells as well as B cells were found in COVID-19 patients.
T812 5781-6018 Sentence denotes Treated patients who exhibited clearance of virus showed restoration in levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, whereas NK cell count was inconsistent.• Lymphocytopenia was considered as predicative biomarker for the disease.
T813 6020-6060 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Chen X. et al., 2020)
T814 6061-6064 Sentence denotes 14.
T815 6066-6072 Sentence denotes Total:
T816 6073-6084 Sentence denotes 22 Healthy:
T817 6085-6102 Sentence denotes 10 Mild/Moderate:
T818 6103-6113 Sentence denotes 10 Severe:
T819 6114-6271 Sentence denotes 6 • Marked reduction in functional CD4+ T cells was observed, as revealed by decrease in IFN-γ, and TNF-α produced by these cells in severe group than mild.
T820 6272-6630 Sentence denotes CD8+ T cells revealed activation profile as marked by increased levels of granzyme B and perforin in severe than mild cases.• CD8+ cells had increased expression of exhaustion marker CTLA-4 in severe than mild and increased PD-1 in mild than healthy group.• No significant differences in IL-6 and TNF-α was observed between severe, mild and healthy controls.
T821 6631-6673 Sentence denotes However, an increasing trend was observed.
T822 6675-6724 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zheng H.Y. et al., 2020)
T823 6725-6728 Sentence denotes 15.
T824 6730-6736 Sentence denotes Total:
T825 6737-6754 Sentence denotes 68 Mild/Moderate:
T826 6755-6765 Sentence denotes 55 Severe:
T827 6766-7011 Sentence denotes 13 • Decreased number of CD8+ T and NK cells in patients showing severe symptoms.• Decrease in expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, granzyme-B by CD8+ T, and decrease in TNF-α expression by NK cells was observed, indicating CD8+ T and NK cell exhaustion.
T828 7013-7060 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zheng M. et al., 2020)
T829 7061-7064 Sentence denotes 16.
T830 7066-7072 Sentence denotes Total:
T831 7073-7402 Sentence denotes 99 patients with mild to severe symptoms • Decrease in lymphocyte count and increase in neutrophils was observed when compared to the normal range.• Increased serum levels of IL-6, D-dimer, ALT, AST, LDH, Myoglobin, Procalcitonin, Serum ferritin, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP was observed in all the studied patients.
T832 7403-7469 Sentence denotes Serum creatinine, and creatinine kinase showed inconsistent trend.
T833 7471-7517 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen N. et al., 2020)
T834 7518-7521 Sentence denotes 17.
T835 7523-7529 Sentence denotes Total:
T836 7530-7548 Sentence denotes 522 Mild/moderate:
T837 7549-7560 Sentence denotes 151 Severe:
T838 7561-7882 Sentence denotes 53 • Decreased number of total CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in most of the patients with further decrease reported in patients who were admitted to ICU.• T cell exhaustion markers like PD1 and TIM3 were higher in severe disease patients.• Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were higher in symptomatic patients.
T839 7883-8108 Sentence denotes However, no significant changes in the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were observed across groups.• T cell count restored and levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased as the disease resolved in a subset of patients.
T840 8110-8153 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Diao et al., 2020)
T841 8154-8157 Sentence denotes 18.
T842 8159-8165 Sentence denotes Total:
T843 8166-8179 Sentence denotes 710 Survivor:
T844 8180-8197 Sentence denotes 20 Non-survivors:
T845 8198-8310 Sentence denotes 32 • Blood analysis of non-survivors revealed decreased total lymphocyte count, and increase in platelet count.
T846 8311-8402 Sentence denotes Serum analysis revealed increase in total bilirubin, creatinine, and lactate concentration.
T847 8404-8450 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Yang X. et al., 2020)
T848 8451-8454 Sentence denotes 19.
T849 8456-8462 Sentence denotes Total:
T850 8463-8657 Sentence denotes 34 patients with varying disease severity • Presence of increased levels of inflammatory monocytes in the blood which were found to secrete proinflammatory cytokines like IL-10, IL6, and TNF-α.
T851 8659-8706 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhang D. et al., 2020)
T852 8707-8710 Sentence denotes 20.
T853 8712-8732 Sentence denotes Total:80 Non-severe:
T854 8733-8743 Sentence denotes 11 Severe:
T855 8744-8962 Sentence denotes 69 • The levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and LDH were shown to be associated with longer treatment modality.• IL-6 levels were shown to positively correlate with disease severity and suggested as a predictive biomarker.
T856 8964-8992 Sentence denotes Serum (Liu T. et al., 2020)
T857 8993-8996 Sentence denotes 21.
T858 8998-9015 Sentence denotes Total:36 Healthy:
T859 9016-9027 Sentence denotes 10 Non-ICU:
T860 9028-9035 Sentence denotes 16 ICU:
T861 9036-9168 Sentence denotes 10 • Significant decrease in total lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed in ICU patients as compared to non-ICU.
T862 9169-9226 Sentence denotes Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibited activated phenotype.
T863 9227-9438 Sentence denotes However, no changes were observed in B cells and NK cells between ICU and non-ICU patients.• Higher percentage of inflammatory monocytes were detected in COVID-19 patients, with further increase in ICU patients.
T864 9439-9510 Sentence denotes These monocytes were shown to secrete higher levels of GM-CSF and IL-6.
T865 9512-9550 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Zhou et al., 2020a)
T866 9551-9554 Sentence denotes 22.
T867 9556-9576 Sentence denotes Total:799 Recovered:
T868 9577-9590 Sentence denotes 161 Deceased:
T869 9591-9667 Sentence denotes 113 • Leukocytosis was observed in 56 patients who died due to the disease.
T870 9668-10025 Sentence denotes Deceased patients had robust decrease in lymphocytes and displayed lymphocytopenia.• Levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were higher in deceased as compared to the recovered patients.• Serum levels of D-dimer, ferritin, ALT, AST, procalcitonin, creatinine creatine kinase, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT were markedly increased in deceased patients.
T871 10027-10073 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Chen T. et al., 2020)
T872 10074-10077 Sentence denotes 23.
T873 10079-10085 Sentence denotes Total:
T874 10086-10105 Sentence denotes 70 Moderate- cured:
T875 10106-10122 Sentence denotes 40 Severe-cured:
T876 10123-10132 Sentence denotes 15 Death:
T877 10133-10228 Sentence denotes 15 • Robust decline in lymphocyte percentage in blood of patients who died due to the disease.
T878 10229-10433 Sentence denotes Whereas, substantial recovery of the blood lymphocyte percentage was seen in the patients who recovered from the disease.• The study suggests lymphocytopenia as a predictive prognosis marker for COVID-19.
T879 10435-10475 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Tan L. et al., 2020b)
T880 10476-10479 Sentence denotes 24.
T881 10481-10487 Sentence denotes Total:
T882 10488-10505 Sentence denotes 70 Mild/Moderate:
T883 10506-10517 Sentence denotes 8 Critical:
T884 10518-10529 Sentence denotes 10 Control:
T885 10530-10744 Sentence denotes 10 • Serum levels of CCL5 was highly increased in critically ill patients as compared to mild/moderate and healthy control.• Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and other chemokines CXCL8, CCL4, CCL3 were also increased.
T886 10746-10777 Sentence denotes Serum (Patterson et al., 2020)
T887 10778-10781 Sentence denotes 25.
T888 10783-10789 Sentence denotes Total:
T889 10790-10807 Sentence denotes 54 Mild/Moderate:
T890 10808-10818 Sentence denotes 26 Severe:
T891 10819-11077 Sentence denotes 28 • Macrophage activation syndrome along with hyperactivation of monocytes was found in severe cases.• Decrease in lymphocyte number (CD4+T and B cells) along with decline in NK cells was observed.• Blood IL-6 and CRP levels were increased in severe cases.
T892 11078-11166 Sentence denotes Further, increased levels of fibrinogen, D-dimers, creatinine was found in severe cases.
T893 11168-11229 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020)
T894 11230-11233 Sentence denotes 26.
T895 11235-11241 Sentence denotes Total:
T896 11242-11265 Sentence denotes 48 SARS-CoV-2 positive:
T897 11266-11289 Sentence denotes 24 SARS-CoV-2 negative:
T898 11290-11582 Sentence denotes 24 • Reduced IFN-I and IFN-III response was observed in patient samples as well as in in-vitro cell culture model of primary respiratory epithelial cells.• Increase in serum levels of IL-6, IL1RA, CCL2, CCL8 CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL16 were observed in Serum (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020)
T899 11583-11586 Sentence denotes 27.
T900 11588-11597 Sentence denotes COVID-19:
T901 11598-11611 Sentence denotes 1484 Healthy:
T902 11612-11621 Sentence denotes 9 Others:
T903 11622-11920 Sentence denotes 272 • Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed in serum of COVID-19 patients as compared to the healthy control or patients with multiple myeloma.• IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were associated with worst disease outcome and suggested as the predictive indicators of the disease.
T904 11922-11953 Sentence denotes Serum (Del Valle et al., 2020)
T905 11954-11957 Sentence denotes 28.
T906 11959-11965 Sentence denotes Total:
T907 11966-11979 Sentence denotes 102 COVID-19:
T908 11980-11987 Sentence denotes 27 Flu:
T909 11988-12171 Sentence denotes 75 • COVID-19 patients showed increased levels of serum CRP, which was associated with disease progression.• CRP levels were suggested as a predictive marker in early stage COVID-19.
T910 12173-12201 Sentence denotes Serum (Tan C. et al., 2020)
T911 12202-12205 Sentence denotes 29.
T912 12207-12213 Sentence denotes Total:
T913 12214-12232 Sentence denotes 132 Mild/moderate:
T914 12233-12243 Sentence denotes 60 Severe:
T915 12244-12256 Sentence denotes 56 Critical:
T916 12257-12342 Sentence denotes 16 • Decreased lymphocyte number was observed in severe and critically ill patients.
T917 12343-12484 Sentence denotes Similarly, increased levels of serum CRP and SAA was observed.• SAA along with lymphocytopenia was suggested as a predicative disease marker.
T918 12486-12530 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Li H. et al., 2020)
T919 12531-12534 Sentence denotes 30.
T920 12536-12542 Sentence denotes Total:
T921 12543-12561 Sentence denotes 377 Mild/moderate:
T922 12562-12573 Sentence denotes 260 Severe:
T923 12574-12772 Sentence denotes 117 • Increased NLR, along with increased levels of serum CRP and D-dimer were observed in patients with severe disease symptoms.• NLT, CRP and d-DIMER were suggested as predictive disease markers.
T924 12774-12818 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Zhou et al., 2020b)
T925 12819-12822 Sentence denotes 31.
T926 12824-12830 Sentence denotes Total:
T927 12831-12849 Sentence denotes 377 Mild/moderate:
T928 12850-12860 Sentence denotes 69 Severe:
T929 12861-12959 Sentence denotes 24 • Significantly higher NLR, PLR, LMR, and total neutrophil count was observed in severe cases.
T930 12960-13107 Sentence denotes Whereas, the count of lymphocytes was decreased.• Serum CRP levels were higher in severe cases.• NLR was suggested as predictive disease biomarker.
T931 13109-13151 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Yang A.P. et al., 2020)
T932 13152-13155 Sentence denotes 32.
T933 13157-13163 Sentence denotes Total:
T934 13164-13174 Sentence denotes 18 Severe:
T935 13175-13187 Sentence denotes 16 Critical:
T936 13188-13548 Sentence denotes 2 • Increased activation profile of CD4+, CD8+ and plasmablasts was seen in COVID-19 patients.• Interestingly severe cases were associated with activated profile of CD4+ T cells, lower number of TFH cells and exhaustive CD8+ T cells.• Increased levels of serum AST, CRP, and creatinine kinase was observed.• CRP was suggested as the predictive disease marker.
T937 13550-13596 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood/Serum (Wang G. et al., 2020)
T938 13597-13600 Sentence denotes 33.
T939 13602-13608 Sentence denotes Total:
T940 13609-13620 Sentence denotes 221 Normal:
T941 13621-13634 Sentence denotes 36 Recovered:
T942 13635-13647 Sentence denotes 60 COVID-19:
T943 13648-14204 Sentence denotes 125 • CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were associated with the expression of activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR), proliferation markers (Ki-67), and exhaustion markers (PD-1).• This elaborate study characterized 200 immune parameters and correlated with clinical features and disease severity.• Increase in chemokines like CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL2, and IL-1RA were observed in half of the COVID-19 patients.• Increased levels of ferritin, D-dimer, and CRP were observed in COVID-19 patients as compared to healthy controls or recovered patients. (Mathew et al., 2020)
T944 14205-14208 Sentence denotes 34.
T945 14210-14216 Sentence denotes Total:
T946 14217-14225 Sentence denotes 41 Mild:
T947 14226-14236 Sentence denotes 29 Severe:
T948 14237-14573 Sentence denotes 12 • Slight lymphocytopenia was observed in mild patients and significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients as revealed by decrease in CD4+, CD8+ and NK cell number.• Peripheral blood showed increased activation status of CD8+ T with higher percentage of CD38+CD8+, CD38+HLA-DR, and CD38+HLA-DR+CD8+ cells in severe than mild cases.
T949 14574-14875 Sentence denotes While no significant changes were seen in CD4+• Increased expression of exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3 was observed in CD8+, and PD-1 in CD4+ T cells in case of severe cases than mild.• Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-5 were observed in COVID-19 patients.
T950 14877-14914 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood (Song et al., 2020)
T951 14915-14918 Sentence denotes 35.
T952 14920-14926 Sentence denotes Total:
T953 14927-15132 Sentence denotes 82 (deceased) • Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia was observed.• Increased levels of CRP, LDH, ALT, and D-dimer were found.• Increased levels of IL-6 Peripheral blood (Zhang et al., 2020b)
T954 15133-15136 Sentence denotes 36.
T955 15138-15152 Sentence denotes Total:24 Mild:
T956 15153-15162 Sentence denotes 4 Severe:
T957 15163-15174 Sentence denotes 5 Critical:
T958 15175-15406 Sentence denotes 3 • Innate immune cells like monocytes, NK cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells increased from mild to severe cases than declined in the critically ill patients.• CD8+ T cell subsets were decreased in all the disease groups.
T959 15407-15488 Sentence denotes However, CD4+ T, naïve CD4+ T, and TGF-β+CD28- naïve CD4+ T cells were increased.
T960 15489-15661 Sentence denotes On the contrary memory CD4+ T cells were decreased.• Levels of functional molecules such as CXCR3, CD28, and TGF-β were increased in patients as compared to health control.
T961 15663-15692 Sentence denotes PBMCs (Wang W. et al., 2020)
T962 15693-15696 Sentence denotes 37.
T963 15698-15704 Sentence denotes Total:
T964 15705-15717 Sentence denotes 53 Moderate:
T965 15718-15728 Sentence denotes 21 Severe:
T966 15729-15741 Sentence denotes 18 Critical:
T967 15742-15847 Sentence denotes 14 • CD11a expressing lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells were decreased in critically ill patients.
T968 15848-16005 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it was suggested that T cell decline in circulation may be associated with increased infiltration of these cells toward the site of infection.
T969 16006-16073 Sentence denotes Whereas recovered patients showed reduced decline in CD11a T cells.
T970 16074-16244 Sentence denotes Thus, CD11a positive T cells were suggested as a possible prognostic marker of COVID-19.• Interestingly, eosinophil number was increased patients who were critically ill.
T971 16246-16272 Sentence denotes PBMCs (Anft et al., 2020)
T972 16273-16276 Sentence denotes 38.
T973 16278-16291 Sentence denotes BALF Healthy:
T974 16292-16303 Sentence denotes 3 Patients:
T975 16304-16320 Sentence denotes 2 PBMCs Healthy:
T976 16321-16332 Sentence denotes 3 Patients:
T977 16333-16564 Sentence denotes 3 • RNA-seq analysis was performed.• Increased transcript levels of IL-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-1A, and CCL4/MIP1B in BALF.• Increased transcript levels of CXCL10, TNFSF10, TIMP1, C5, IL18, AREG, NRG1, IL10 in PBMCs.
T978 16566-16602 Sentence denotes PBMCs and BALF (Xiong et al., 2020)
T979 16603-16606 Sentence denotes 39.
T980 16608-16614 Sentence denotes Total:
T981 16615-16626 Sentence denotes 12 Healthy:
T982 16627-16638 Sentence denotes 3 Moderate:
T983 16639-16657 Sentence denotes 3 Severe/critical:
T984 16658-17382 Sentence denotes 6 • Single cell RNA-seq analysis was performed followed by cluster analysis to determine the immune cell type.• Proliferative and less expandable CD8+ T lymphocytes were present in severe/critically ill patient BALF samples, whereas moderate cases showed more expandable and less proliferative phenotype.• Increased macrophages and neutrophils were detected in the BALF of patients exhibiting severe/critical disease symptoms.• Higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were observed in all the patients.• Increased levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were consistently seen in all the patients.• Lung macrophages displayed higher transcripts of IL1B, IL6, TNFA, along with chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL7 in severe cases.
T985 17384-17409 Sentence denotes BALF (Liao et al., 2020)
T986 17410-17413 Sentence denotes 40.
T987 17415-17421 Sentence denotes Total:
T988 17422-17434 Sentence denotes 174 Healthy:
T989 17435-17447 Sentence denotes 20 COVID-19:
T990 17448-17457 Sentence denotes 8 Others:
T991 17458-17797 Sentence denotes 146 • Transcript levels of IL1RN, IL1B, CXCL17, CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, CCL7 were increased in COVID-19 patients in comparison to healthy controls.• Upregulation of calgranulin genes S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 were observed.• Interferon response was also observed as indicated by upregulation of about 83 ISGs in COVID-19 patients.
T992 17799-17827 Sentence denotes BALF (Zhou Z. et al., 2020)
T993 17828-17934 Sentence denotes The highlighted studies show the respective predictive biomarkers (in bold) which were found in the study.