LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7736111 / 10142-13075 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T54 0-253 Sentence denotes RLRs are a complex of sensor proteins that include RIG-I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and the more recently discovered probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 (also known as LGP2) (Jiang et al., 2011; Leiva-Juárez et al., 2018).
T55 254-359 Sentence denotes RIG-I binds to 5’-PPP RNA and short dsRNA, while MDA5 binds to longer RNA fragments (Huang et al., 2014).
T56 360-509 Sentence denotes Binding of pathogenic RNAs induces conformational changes in RIG-I and MDA5, and after that post-translational modifications activate these proteins.
T57 510-868 Sentence denotes Importantly, RIG-I is activated by E3 ligase tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) via polyubiquitination at K172 residue (Sanchez et al., 2016); MDA5 is proteolytically inactivated by the polyubiquitination mediated by poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) with assistance from AIP4/ITCH (Atrophin 1 Interacting Protein 4; also called ITCH) (You et al., 2009).
T58 869-960 Sentence denotes LGP2 acts as a facilitator to enhance viral sensing by RIG-1 and MDA5 (Satoh et al., 2010).
T59 961-1196 Sentence denotes Activated RIG-I and MDA5 then mount the downstream signaling cascade via centrally placed mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and eventually lead to the coordinated activation of IRF3/IRF7 transcription factors (Figure 2).
T60 1197-1377 Sentence denotes Activated IRF3/7 translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of IFNs via IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) reviewed by West et al. (2011) and Rehwinkel and Gack (2020).
T61 1378-1599 Sentence denotes Thus, centrally placed MAVS activation induces expression of IFN genes via IRF3 and IRF7 pathways and recruitment of other innate immune cells, majorly by proinflammatory molecules secreted via NF κB signaling (Figure 2).
T62 1600-1783 Sentence denotes Similarly, activation of endogenous TLR pathway induces expression of IFN type I, type III, and more specifically, proinflammatory molecules via the NF κB pathway (Gong et al., 2020).
T63 1784-2001 Sentence denotes Blocking of either IRF3/7 or NF κB pathway has a detrimental effect on host cells that invariably allows propagation of the virus (Lazear et al., 2013; Schmitz et al., 2014; Totura et al., 2015; Chiang and Liu, 2019).
T64 2002-2147 Sentence denotes In animal studies, mice that are deficient in TLR signaling exhibit robust infection and severe pathological condition during SARS-CoV infection.
T65 2148-2287 Sentence denotes TLR3 and TLR4 knockout mice exhibited increased viral titers associated with lung damage and a higher mortality rate (Totura et al., 2015).
T66 2288-2497 Sentence denotes Mice with a knockout of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), which acts downstream of TLR signaling had increased damage to the lung parenchyma with a 90% mortality rate (Sheahan et al., 2008).
T67 2498-2784 Sentence denotes Conversely, activation of endogenous TLR signaling by TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 or cell surface-expressed TLR4 signaling was associated with a significant decrease in viral propagation, attenuated lung damage, and increased the survival rate in SARS-CoV infected animals (Zhao et al., 2012).
T68 2785-2933 Sentence denotes These findings thus point to an integral role of these molecular sensors in mounting early protective antiviral response and aiding viral clearance.