| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T326 |
0-245 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although the first outbreak occurred in Wuhan, animal specimens from the Huanan seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, which sells both live and dead animals including bats, civets, snakes, poultry, pigs and dogs, were negative for SARSr-CoVs [226]. |
| T327 |
246-668 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Snakes and canids (dogs) were presumed to be intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 based on sequence analysis of the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) bias between SARS-CoV-2 and animal host species [227] and based on analysis of zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) expression in animal host species and tissues that drive CoV evolution to have a low-CpG (5′-Cytosin-phosphate-Guanine-3′) viral genome [228], respectively. |
| T328 |
669-867 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, SARSr-CoV-2 has not been isolated from snakes and it is unlikely that the viruses can cross the species barrier from bats, warm-blooded mammals, to humans via snakes, cold-blooded reptiles. |
| T329 |
868-1079 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although results of RT-PCR and serological tests confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs, the infected dogs were with infected owners and thus humans are likely to have transferred the virus to their pets [101]. |
| T330 |
1080-1274 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cats, tigers and lions that were cared for by infected owners/zookeepers were also reported to have tested seropositive for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting human-to-animal transmission of COVID-19 [101]. |
| T331 |
1275-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Experimental studies showed that pigs, chickens and ducks were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, that dogs had little susceptibility and that both ferrets and cats were highly susceptible [229,230]. |
| T332 |
1471-1652 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Experimental studies showed that there is little transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among ferrets but that cats have the potential for airborne transmission of the virus between them [230]. |
| T333 |
1653-1699 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, no cat-SARSr-CoV-2 has been isolated. |
| T334 |
1700-1895 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, there has so far been no evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or SARSr-CoV-2 from these SARS-CoV-2-susceptible animals, including canines, ferrets and felines, to humans [101,229]. |
| T335 |
1896-1994 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nonetheless, surveillance of both infection and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 should be implemented. |
| T336 |
1995-2222 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARSr-CoV-2 has been isolated from smuggled Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica), but it has not been isolated from Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) seized in Guangxi (GX) and Guangdong (GD) in southern China [103,226,231]. |
| T337 |
2223-2490 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Whole-genome comparison indicated that pangolin-SARSr-CoVs have a significant sequence difference from SARS-CoV-2 sequences, suggesting that current pangolin-SARSr-CoV isolates are unlikely to be the virus directly transmitted to cause SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in humans. |
| T338 |
2491-2730 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, all of the studies [103,133,226,231] showed high aa sequence identities (97.4%) between pangolin SARSr-CoV (pangolin/GD/2019 with a single consensus sequence merged from the GD/P1L and GD/P2S sequences) S RBD and SARS-CoV-2 S RBD. |
| T339 |
2731-2853 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, SARSr-CoV from Malayan pangolins may be able to infect humans or may provide an RBD gene region to a coinfected CoV. |
| T340 |
2854-3110 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Malayan pangolins may serve as a vessel to generate a CoV with human receptor-binding potential due to the high aa sequence similarity between pangolin and human ACE2 receptors (84.8%) [231], suggesting the need for pangolin surveillance for public health. |
| T341 |
3111-3308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The continued search for a SARS-CoV-2 intermediate host is essential for understanding the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and for future prevention and control of zoonotic CoV-related diseases. |
