LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7712180 / 54528-60439 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T287 0-18 Sentence denotes 4.3.2. β2 SARS-CoV
T288 19-225 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV caused an epidemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was first reported in November 2002 in Foshan, Guangdong in South China and it spread quickly from late February 2003.
T289 226-337 Sentence denotes A global alert was issued by the WHO in March 2003, and it was declared to be contained in July 2003 [212,213].
T290 338-550 Sentence denotes The cumulative number of confirmed cases of SARS in the global epidemic from 1 November 2002 to 11 July 2003 was 8437 with 813 deaths (case fatality ratio of 9.6%) in 26 countries (29 areas) of 6 WHO regions [6].
T291 551-715 Sentence denotes In the post-global epidemic of SARS, 15 additional cases with one death from reappearance four times were reported during the period from December 2003 to May 2004.
T292 716-1034 Sentence denotes One reappearance with four cases in which only mild symptoms occurred was related to a restaurant serving palm civet meat (three cases) and house rats (one case) in Guangdong, China [214], indicating reintroduction of animal viruses into humans and the importance of effective surveillance for zoonotic diseases [215].
T293 1035-1133 Sentence denotes The other three reappearances were related to laboratory accidents in Singapore, Taiwan and China.
T294 1134-1347 Sentence denotes The viruses from Singapore and Taiwan laboratories were not transmitted to others, while two infected cases from a Beijing laboratory subsequently spread to seven others with close contact, resulting in one death.
T295 1348-1432 Sentence denotes This evidence indicated the importance of biosafety and biosecurity in a laboratory.
T296 1433-1566 Sentence denotes Since the announcement by the WHO on 18 May 2004 that the SARS outbreak in China was contained, no SARS case has been reported [216].
T297 1567-1772 Sentence denotes Since reemergence of SARS from an animal virus could happen at any time, an understanding of the molecular evolution of the virus causing the past global epidemic may help to control future SARS outbreaks.
T298 1773-1901 Sentence denotes Most of the human cases at the beginning of the SARS epidemic were caused by exposure to market animals (zoonotic source) [217].
T299 1902-2232 Sentence denotes Although more than 10 mammalian species, but no avian species, were discovered to be susceptible to infection with either SARS-CoV or SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoVs), both the number of animals traded in Guangdong, China, and the detection rate were higher in Himalayan or masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) than in other animals.
T300 2233-2419 Sentence denotes Moreover, there were close matches between sequences of civet viruses and sequences of human viruses from each human outbreak, including the 2002–2003 epidemic and the 2003–2004 episode.
T301 2420-2632 Sentence denotes These findings suggested that palm civets are important intermediate hosts for transmission of the virus to humans [218], probably through direct/indirect contact or inhalation of contaminated materials/droplets.
T302 2633-2820 Sentence denotes Screening of SARSr-CoVs in palm civets by real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR for detection of the N gene and P gene revealed the presence of the virus in rectal and/or throat swabs [100].
T303 2821-3140 Sentence denotes Major genetic variations in the S gene were found by genomic sequence analyses of civet viruses (SARSr-CoVs) and human viruses (SARS-CoVs), indicating that changes in the S gene are likely to be critical for shifting the virus from civet-to-human to human-to-human transmission that caused the 2002–2003 epidemic [214].
T304 3141-3255 Sentence denotes Kan et al. [100] analyzed all available SARS S gene sequences and found 27 signature nucleotide variations (SNVs).
T305 3256-3710 Sentence denotes Based on SNVs and a phylogenetic tree of the SARS S genes from animal and human viruses, the viruses were divided into four groups. (i) Viruses without SNVs in the S gene, called a prototype group, were isolated from raccoon dogs and a palm civet but not from humans, suggesting that they can cause only animal-to-animal transmission. (ii) Viruses with two to seven SNVs generate up to six aa changes at the positions of 147, 228, 240, 479, 821 and 1080.
T306 3711-4082 Sentence denotes These viruses were isolated from palm civets and from mild symptomatic patients (so-called low-pathogenic group) during the 2003–2004 episode, indicating that the virus in a palm civet can acquire the ability to infect humans. (iii) Viruses with 17 to 22 SNVs cause further eleven aa changes at the positions of 360, 462, 472, 480, 487, 609, 613, 665, 743, 765, and 1163.
T307 4083-4348 Sentence denotes These viruses were isolated from palm civets and raccoon dogs in 2003 and from patients with severe symptoms (so-called high-pathogenic group) who had close contact with infected animals or patients in the early-phase epidemic (16 November 2002 to 30 January 2003).
T308 4349-4493 Sentence denotes This evidence indicated the possibility that animal species other than civets may be intermediate hosts transferring the animal virus to humans.
T309 4494-4897 Sentence denotes The SNVs of viruses in this group indicated that the virus in palm civets and raccoon dogs can evolve not only to infect humans but also to spread from one human to other humans by close contact, indicating the possibility that these animals and humans may share similar receptor structures. (iv) Viruses with 25 to 27 SNVs cause up to four aa further changes at the positions of 227, 244, 344, and 778.
T310 4898-5215 Sentence denotes These viruses in this group were isolated from patients with severe symptoms in the middle phase (beginning on 31 January 2003: hospital phase) and late phase (beginning on 21 February 2003: hotel phase) of the 2003 epidemic that was responsible for the global outbreak, so-called large epidemic outbreak group [100].
T311 5216-5585 Sentence denotes While SARSr-CoVs are not widespread in farmed palm civets [100] and wild palm civets [219], SARSr-CoVs collected from bat anal/fecal swabs show high genetic diversity and are widespread in wild Chinese horseshoe bats in the genus Rhinolophus (Rhinolophus sinicus [95], R. pussilus (seropositive in blood specimens), R. pearsoni, R. macrotis and R. ferrumequinum [220]).
T312 5586-5675 Sentence denotes Based on these observations, bats were believed to be the natural reservoir of SARS-CoVs.
T313 5676-5816 Sentence denotes However, phylogenetic relationships suggested that none of the virus isolates from wild bats are direct ancestral viruses of SARS-CoV [130].
T314 5817-5911 Sentence denotes It is most likely that SARS-CoV evolved through recombination of bat SARSr-CoVs [128,129,130].