| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T234 |
0-158 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In 2019, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) isotype, one of the three major MHC class II isotypes, found on susceptible cell lines including MDCKII clone no. |
| T235 |
159-1002 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1, human U-87MG cells, human Calu-3 cells and human haematopoietic cancer cells was shown by the following findings to be required for mediating entry of pseudotyped viruses harboring H17 HAs [63] or H18 HAs [62] into a mammalian cell: (i) knockdown of HLA-DRA or HLA-DR α-chain or cell preincubation with an HLA-DRA-targeting antibody significantly reduced both H17- and H18-pseudotyped virus infections, (ii) ectopic expression of HLA-DR in non-susceptible cell lines rendered them susceptible to both H17- and H18-pseudotyped virus infections, (iii) expression of HLA-DR from other mammals, including different bat species, pigs and mice, or from chickens makes cells susceptible to H18-pseudotyped virus infection and (iv) intranasal infection of mice with H18N11 virus led to viral replication in the upper respiratory tracts of the mice. |
| T236 |
1003-1242 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While these findings suggested possible spread of bat H17 and H18 viruses to other vertebrates, recent studies have shown that wild-type H18N11 infection is restricted to bats and that H18N11 has poor replication in mice and ferrets [199]. |
| T237 |
1243-1371 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The potential of these viruses to spread to and infect other animals and the tissue tropism within other animals remain unclear. |
| T238 |
1372-1453 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Characterization of direct binding of H17 and H18 HAs to MHC-II is also required. |
