LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7696151 / 87179-90543 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T555 0-105 Sentence denotes C. burnetii is an obligate intraleukocytic Gram-negative bacterium responsible for query fever (Q fever).
T556 106-240 Sentence denotes The infection is mainly caused by direct contact with infected animals, although cases of human transmission have also been described.
T557 241-391 Sentence denotes Q fever diagnosis is primally founded on serological examination and based on a different evolution, acute and chronic infection can be distinguished.
T558 392-596 Sentence denotes In 50% of cases, the acute phase is asymptomatic, but when the acute phase is symptomatic, it is characterized by a febrile illness, myalgia, headache, chills, atypical hepatitis, and pneumonia [122,123].
T559 597-725 Sentence denotes Approximately 2–5% of C. burnetii infections can develop into the chronic phase, leading to endocarditis and vascular infection.
T560 726-850 Sentence denotes The risk of developing chronic fever is higher in patients with pre-existing vascular disorders or valvulopathies [123,124].
T561 851-942 Sentence denotes C. burnetii is known to replicate in an intracellular phagolysosome with a pH range of 4–5.
T562 943-1038 Sentence denotes However, at this pH, antibiotics, like doxycycline (DXC), exert only a bacteriostatic activity.
T563 1039-1127 Sentence denotes Therefore, a combination of DXC with a lysosomotropic agent, such as HCQ, was suggested.
T564 1128-1263 Sentence denotes In fact, HCQ was shown to increase the phagolysosomal compartment’s pH by improving the bactericidal activity of doxycycline [125,126].
T565 1264-1392 Sentence denotes The first successful results concerning the treatment of Q fever endocarditis combined with DXC and HCQ date back to 1993 [127].
T566 1393-1605 Sentence denotes These results were later confirmed by a case report of a young infected girl, where the treatment with 200 mg/day of DXC and 600 mg/day of HCQ led to a reduction in serum C. burnetii antibodies within 48 h [128].
T567 1606-1908 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in a 1999 clinical study, the administration of 100 mg DXC twice daily plus 200 mg HCQ three times daily for at least 18 months led to a short duration of therapy and a reduction in recurrences compared to alternative treatments including DXC plus 200 mg ofloxacin three times daily [129].
T568 1909-2137 Sentence denotes Since this moment, all infected subjects have been treated with DXC plus HCQ, as demonstrated by several case reports where this regimen results in an improvement of C. burnetii-related disease [130,131,132,133,134,135,139,140].
T569 2138-2428 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in patients with valvulopathy and diagnosticated acute Q fever (serologic criteria of a phase II IgG titer ≥ 200 and a phase II IgM titer ≥ 50) the administration as prophylaxis of DCX plus HCQ for at least 12 months resulted to be efficient in preventing Q fever endocarditis.
T570 2429-2520 Sentence denotes Contrarily, shorter regimes are associated with a failure of antibiotics prophylaxis [141].
T571 2521-2707 Sentence denotes When Q fever endocarditis occurs, the optimal treatment duration with DXC and HCQ seems to be 18 months for native valve patients and 24 months for subjects with prosthetic valves [142].
T572 2708-2794 Sentence denotes This duration should only be extended in the absence of favorable serological results.
T573 2795-3007 Sentence denotes However, long-term treatment with DXC and HCQ is not without important complications, since both can cause photosensitivity [144], abnormal weight gain [145], severe erythroderma, and impaired visual field [142].
T574 3008-3275 Sentence denotes Besides, it can be said that while the acute phase of the infection can be treated with only 200 mg/day DXC, the chronic phase is more difficult to treat and therapy with 100 mg DXC twice daily with 200 mg HCQ three times daily for 18–24 months was recommended [146].
T575 3276-3364 Sentence denotes Serological titers are used to follow the disease and determine the duration of therapy.