Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T228 |
0-145 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Despite the lack of real antiviral evidence related to HCQ administration, this drug has also been investigated as a possible prophylactic agent. |
T229 |
146-349 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In fact, the pharmacokinetics of HCQ, like its long half-life and the high concentration in the lung (500-times higher than blood concentration), has made it an ideal candidate for prophylactic use [56]. |
T230 |
350-495 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first study conducted on this line was performed in South Korea on 211 virus-exposed individuals, including 189 patients and 22 care-workers. |
T231 |
496-728 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The HCQ administration (400 mg day) as post-exposure prophylaxis resulted in the negative follow-up PCR tests after the end of 14 days of quarantine period (only 97.4% of patients and 95.5% of care-workers completed the study) [40]. |
T232 |
729-897 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, it is necessary to consider that this is a single-center clinical study with a high risk of bias and that a subsequent randomized clinical study has denied it. |
T233 |
898-1062 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In particular, Boulware D.R. et al., in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, tested HCQ as a prophylactic agent within 4 days after virus exposure. |
T234 |
1063-1244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There were 821 asymptomatic participants randomly assigned to receive either placebo or HCQ (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 h, then 600 mg per day for 4 additional days). |
T235 |
1245-1540 |
Sentence |
denotes |
After 14 days of treatment, it was demonstrated that HCQ did not prevent COVID-19 infection when compared to placebo, since the incidence of illnesses compatible with Covid-19 disease did not differ significantly between subjects receiving HCQ (49 of 414 (11.8%)) or placebo (58 of 407 (14.3%)). |
T236 |
1541-1663 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, the onset of side effects was more frequent in patients treated with HCQ than placebo (40.1% vs. 16.8%) [41]. |
T237 |
1664-1826 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To better assess the incidence of side effects linked to HCQ administration as post-exposure prophylaxis, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 doctors. |
T238 |
1827-2075 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Sixty nine adverse events were documented in 44 subjects (31%); the most common reported symptoms were headache followed by nausea, dizziness, abdominal cramps, and loose stools, while hypoglycemia was seen in only three diabetic participants [57]. |
T239 |
2076-2227 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, even if the side effects highlighted were not serious, it is recommended to take the utmost care before using HCQ for COVID-19 chemoprophylaxis. |
T240 |
2228-2358 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ineffectiveness of HCQ administration as post-exposure prophylaxis has also been demonstrated by an in vivo study on macaques. |
T241 |
2359-2493 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Maisonnasse P. et al. tested different treatment strategies, including HCQ alone or in combination with AZM, in comparison to placebo. |
T242 |
2494-2559 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All the treatments were administrated before or after viral load. |
T243 |
2560-2693 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It was seen that when HCQ was administrated as pre-exposure prophylaxis, it did not protect against the acquisition of the infection. |
T244 |
2694-2866 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, neither HCQ nor HCQ + AZM had beneficial effects in improving viral infection’s symptoms [58], confirming previously analyzed clinical studies’ negative results. |
T245 |
2867-3054 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Several case reports have supported all these results since people already using HCQ for a long time to treat inflammatory diseases also showed severe illness related to COVID-19 [59,60]. |