LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7696151 / 103014-119469 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T704 0-103 Sentence denotes Author(Year) Study TypePopulation DosageTime Outcomes Adverse Events Noted Limitation of the Study
T705 104-109 Sentence denotes HIV-1
T706 110-798 Sentence denotes Sperber, et al. (1995) [17] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial40 asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients HCQ group - > 800 mg/dayControl group - > placebo8 weeks Total HIV-1 RNA plasma levelssignificantly decreased in the HCQ group (range, 98 to 2517 cpm; mean, 168 ± 144 cpm vs. 311 ± 331 cpm; p = 0.022).CD4+ T cells percentage remained stable in HCQ group (18.1 ± 9.2% before treatment vs. 18.6 ± 10.5% after treatment)Absolute CD4+ has not reported significant changes in both groupsIL-6 and IgG levels decrease in HCQ group (14.3 ± 13.5 U/mL vs. 12.0 f 16.7 U/mL; p = 0.023 and 2563 ± 1352 mg/mL vs. 2307 ± 1372 mg/dL; p = 0.032, respectively) Not reported.
T707 800-818 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.
T708 819-879 Sentence denotes All of the patients were asymptomatic with a low viral load.
T709 880-909 Sentence denotes A short period of study time.
T710 910-1494 Sentence denotes Sperber, et al. (1997) [18] Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial72 asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients 800 mg/d HCQ (n = 35)500 mg/d ZDV (n = 37)16 weeks After 16 weeks total plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were reduced in both ZDV group (42.709 ± 33.050 vs. 11.228 ± 7459 copies/mL; p = 0.001) and HCQ group (39.456 ± 31.000 vs. 16.434 ± 11.373 copies/mL; p = 0.02).No significant change occurred in CD4+ cellsOnly in HCQ group it was a reduction in the levels of IL-6 (12.4 ± 12.9 vs. 6.3 ± 5.4 U/nL; p = 0.03) and Ig-G (1453 ± 453 vs. 395 ± 544 mg/dL; p = 0.02) Not reported.
T711 1496-1514 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.
T712 1515-1553 Sentence denotes All of the patients were asymptomatic.
T713 1554-1869 Sentence denotes Paton, et al. (2002) [19] non-comparative clinical study22 asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients HCQ (200 mg) + hydroxyurea (500 mg) + didanosine (125–200 mg), taken twice daily.48 weeks In the 12th week there was a significant reduction of 1.3 log10 in viral load and an increase in CD4+ percentage by mean 4.3%.
T714 1870-1919 Sentence denotes These values were maintained until the 48th week.
T715 1921-1934 Sentence denotes Not reported.
T716 1936-2127 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.This is a non-comparative design pilot study which not allow determining the contribution made by HCQalone to the overall decrease in viral load obtained by the combination.
T717 2128-2610 Sentence denotes Paton, et al. (2005) [20] open-label, noncomparative stud17 HIV-1 infected patients HCQ (200 mg) + hydroxyurea (500 mg) + didanosine (125–200 mg), taken twice daily.144 weeks Mean viral load was reduced by 1.6 log10 copies/mL below baseline (p = 0.001)CD4+ cell counts were significantly increased by a mean of 3.3 ± 6.9%, p = 0.095 at 144th week.CD8 cells percentage was reduced by 11.5 ± 14% per 48th week (p = 0.005) and remained around 10% until the 144th week Not reported.
T718 2612-2630 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.
T719 2631-2658 Sentence denotes Absence of a control group.
T720 2659-2778 Sentence denotes Aguirre-Cruz, et al. (2010) [21] Randomized clinical study8 HIV-infected adults with adenoid hypertrophywere included.
T721 2780-2915 Sentence denotes Group A - > 400 mg/dayGroup B - > 800 mg/day8 days HCQ main concentration was significantly higher in at than in plasma Not reported.
T722 2916-3035 Sentence denotes González-Hernández, et al. (2014) [22] In vivo on rabbit model Subcutaneous HCQ injection of 15 mg/kg of body weight.
T723 3037-3099 Sentence denotes HCQ had a higher affinity for lymphoid tissues than for blood.
T724 3101-3114 Sentence denotes Not reported.
T725 3115-3469 Sentence denotes Piconi, et al. (2011) [23] Prospective noncomparativeStudy20 HIV-infected immunologic non-responders 400 mg/day HCQ6 months After 6 months, there was an increase in CD4+ T-cells percentage; a reduction of activation/proliferation in CD4+ T-cells (Ki67+) and CD14+ cells (CD69+); a decrease of plasma LPS levels; a downregulation of TLR-7/8 expression.
T726 3471-3543 Sentence denotes One patient reported maculopapular exanthema after 10 days of treatment.
T727 3545-3635 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.Patients were taking antiretroviral drugs during the treatment with HCQ.
T728 3636-3985 Sentence denotes Paton, et al. (2015) [24] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial83 asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients 400 mg/day HCQ or placebo48 weeks At 48th in HCQ group is revealed a faster decline of CD4+ T-cell counts; no change in activation/proliferation levels in CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells; no change in IL-6 levels; an increase in viral load.
T729 3987-4101 Sentence denotes Patients in the HCQ group reported influenza-like illness compared with the placebo group (29% vs. 10%; p = 0.03).
T730 4103-4121 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.
T731 4122-4542 Sentence denotes Chen, et al. (2018) [25] In vivo on a rabbit model Intravaginal implant designed to release an HCQ concentration above 4.34 µg/mL but below 21.7 µg/mL6 days After 6 days, there was seen an improvement of mucosal epithelial integrity, a reduction in submucosal immune cell recruitment, a decrease of gene expression and T cell activation marker protein, and a minimization of key pro-inflammatory mediators activation.
T732 4544-4557 Sentence denotes Not reported.
T733 4559-4655 Sentence denotes No clinical study has been designed to test the effectiveness of HCQ in preventing HIV infection
T734 4656-4673 Sentence denotes Chikungunya Virus
T735 4674-5011 Sentence denotes Padmakumar, et al. (2009) [26] Prospective, randomized, parallel-group study120 patients in the acute phase of CHIKV infection Group A -> 200 mg/day ACFGroup B -> ACF + 400 mg/day HCQGroup C -> ACF + 10 mg/day PRDGroup D -> ACF + HCQ + PDR HCQ did not confer any additional benefit in the treatment of the early stages of chikungunya.
T736 5013-5026 Sentence denotes Not reported.
T737 5028-5164 Sentence denotes The duration of the study can be considered as a limitation with respect to the efficacy assessment of HCQ, which is a slow-acting drug.
T738 5165-5586 Sentence denotes Bouquillar, et al. (2018) [27] Multicenter study39 patients with chronic CHIKV infection 400 mg/day HCQ3 months After three months of treatment, evidence of synovitis was disappeared in 10 of 20 subjects (50%) with swollen joins while complete remission was verified in 5 patients (19.2%) In four subjects, the treatment was interrupted due to the onset of side effects such as nausea, stomatitis, rash, and headache.
T739 5588-5606 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.
T740 5607-6101 Sentence denotes Ravindran, et al. (2017) [28] Randomized controlled open-label study72 patients with chronic CHIKV infection 400 mg/day HCQ (n = 35)15 mg/day MTX, 1g/day sulfasalazine, and 400 mg/day HCQ (n = 37)34 weeks At the end of the 24th week, only the combination of drugs improved disease activity (mean ± SD DAS28; 3.39 ± 0.87 vs. 4.74 ± 0.65, p < 0.0001) and reduces disability (mean ± SD HAQ; 1.4 ± 0.31 vs. 1.8 ± 80.47, p < 0.0001) and pain (mean ± SD VAS 46 ± 6.13 vs. 60.8 ± 11.6, p < 0.0001).
T741 6103-6164 Sentence denotes In the combination group, one patient withdrew due to nausea.
T742 6166-6250 Sentence denotes It is not a blinded study and so the bias in reporting improvement could be present.
T743 6251-6483 Sentence denotes Pandaya S. (2008) [29] Uncontrolled clinical study305 patients with chronic CHIKV infection 15–20 mg/weekly MTX + 400 mg/day HCQ16 weeks At 16th week a reduction in ACR score was shown Not reported There is not a control group.
T744 6484-6522 Sentence denotes Only 114 subjects completed the study.
T745 6523-6607 Sentence denotes It is not a blinded study and so the bias in reporting improvement could be present.
T746 6608-6618 Sentence denotes Flavivirus
T747 6619-7054 Sentence denotes Helal, et al. (2016) [30] Prospective, randomized, controlled, interventional, single-blind study120 patients affected by hepatitis C virus Group 1 -> SOC (160 µg pegylated interferon subcutaneously and 1000–12000 mg/day ribavirin orally)Group 2 -> SOC + 200 mg/day HCQ12 weeks HCQ + SOC group showed a high virological response compared to control group [54/60 (90%) vs. 43/60 (71.7%); p = 0.011] and a normalization of ALT levels.
T748 7056-7166 Sentence denotes Both groups showed symptoms such as headache,fatigue, influenza-like illness, and gastrointestinaldisturbance.
T749 7168-7197 Sentence denotes A short period of study time.
T750 7198-7322 Sentence denotes There was a lack of the rapid virological response (RVR) assessment of defined as HCV RNA negativity at week 4 of treatment.
T751 7323-7534 Sentence denotes Cao, et al. (2017) [31] In vivo study on pregnant mice infected with ZIKV 40 mg/kg/day HCQ HCQ attenuated placental and fetal ZIKV infection and ameliorated adverse placental and fetal outcomes Not reported.
T752 7536-7634 Sentence denotes No clinical study has been designed to test the effectiveness of HCQ in preventing ZIKV infection.
T753 7635-7643 Sentence denotes COVID-19
T754 7644-8170 Sentence denotes Chen et al. (2020) [6] Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial62 patients suffering from COVID-19 HCQ group -> 400 mg/day HCQControl group -> SOCDay 5 Body temperature recovery time in the HCQ group was shorter than the control group (2.2 vs. 3.2 days, p = 0.0008).Cough remission time was significantly decreased in the HCQ group (2.0 vs. 3.1 days, p = 0.0016).Improvement of pneumonia in HCQ group (80.6% vs. 54.8%)Pneumonia absorption in HCQ group (61.3%) One patient developed a rash.One patient reported a headache.
T755 8172-8282 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.Detail about antiviral and antibacterial agents used in the control group are not available.
T756 8283-8745 Sentence denotes Gautret et al. (2020) [32] Open-label non-randomized clinical trial36 patients HCQ group -> 600 mg/day HCQ (n = 14); 600 mg/day HCQ +500 mg AZM on day 1 followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days (n = 6)Control group (n = 16)Day 10 On day 6, 70% of HCQ-treated patients were virologically cured comparing to 12.5% in the control groupOn day 6, 100% of HCQ+AZM treated patients are virologically cured comparing to 57.1% in the HCQ group and 12.5% in the control group.
T757 8747-8886 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal side effects in one patient of HCQ group.One patient of the HCQ group died on day 3 although he was PCR-negative on day 2.
T758 8888-9057 Sentence denotes Small sample-size.Dropout of six patients from HCQ group.Data available up to 6 days despite the planned 10 days.Details about control group treatment are not available.
T759 9058-9588 Sentence denotes Gautret, et al. (2020) [33] Uncontrolled, non-comparative, observational study80 mildly infected patients 600 mg/day HCQ per 10 days + 500 mg AZM on day 1 followed by 250 mg/day for 4 daysFor patients with pneumonia and NEWS score ≥ 5 ceftriaxone was added to HCQ/AZM treatment On day 7, nasopharyngeal viral load tested by qPCR was negative for 83% of patients and for 93% of patients at day 8.At day 5 in 97.5% of patients, virus cultures of the respiratory sample were negative.After 10 days only 2 patients were contagious.
T760 9590-9708 Sentence denotes One patient died.Six patients had GI side effects (2 nausea or vomiting and 4 diarrhea)One patient had blurred vision.
T761 9710-9795 Sentence denotes Six patients from previous trials by Gautret et al. were also included in this study.
T762 9796-9937 Sentence denotes No analytical approach has been made to take into account possible factors of confusion, including in particular the severity of the disease.
T763 9938-10269 Sentence denotes Molina et al. (2020) [34] Prospective, non-comparative study11 severe COVID-19 infected patients 600 mg/day HCQ per 10 days + 500 mg AZM on day 1 followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days On day 5 two patients were transferred to the ICU.At days 5 to 6, after treatment initiation 8 of 10 patients were still positive for SARS-CoV2 RNA.
T764 10271-10360 Sentence denotes One patient died.One patient discontinued the treatments due to QT interval prolongation.
T765 10362-10437 Sentence denotes Small sample size, 8 of 11 had comorbidities associated with poor outcomes.
T766 10438-11519 Sentence denotes Tang et al. (2020) [35] Multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial150 mild/moderate or severe COVID-19 infected patients HCQ group -> SOC+ HCQ (200 mg daily for three days followed by a maintained dose of 800 mg daily)Control group-> SOC2 for mild/moderate patients and 3 weeks for severe patients Within 28 days of treatment, the probability of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 was 85.4% (95% CI 73.8% to 93.8%) in the HCQ + SOC group and 81.3% (95% CI 71.2% to 89.6%) in the SOC group.No significant differences in the median time to negative conversion were found between the HCQ + SOC group (8 days, 95% CI 5 to 10 days) and SOC group (7 days, 95% CI 5 to 8 days).No difference in PCRnegativity was found between two groups at day 4, 7, 10, 14, or 21.No significant differences in the meantime of clinical symptom alleviation were found between the two groups (19 days for HCQ + SOC vs. 21 days for SOC) Adverse events noted in 30% of the HCQ group compared to 8.8% ofcontrol groupThe most common adverse effect was diarrhea (10%).One patient had blurred vision.
T767 11521-11578 Sentence denotes The study is only based on the virus-negative conversion.
T768 11579-11945 Sentence denotes Abd-Elsalam, et al. (2020) [36] Multicenter, randomized controlled trial194 COVID-19 infected patients HCQ group -> SOC+ HCQ (400 mg twice daily, on day 1, followed by 200 mg tablets twice daily)Control group -> SOC4 weeks of treatment There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding any laboratory parameters or the baseline characteristics.
T769 11946-12068 Sentence denotes Four patients (4.1%) in the HCQ group and 5 (5.2%) patients in the control group needed mechanical ventilation (p = 0.75).
T770 12069-12242 Sentence denotes There were no differences in the overall mortality between the two groups, as six patients (6.2%) died in the HCQ group and five (5.2%) died in the control group (p = 0.77).
T771 12244-12257 Sentence denotes Not reported.
T772 12259-12361 Sentence denotes Small sample size, whichwas not adequately powered for survival endpoints.Lack of long-term follow-up.
T773 12362-12987 Sentence denotes Skipper, et al. (2020) [37] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial491 symptomatic, non-hospitalized adult patients with early or mild COVID-19 HCQ group -> HCQ 800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 h, then 600 mg daily for 4 more daysControl group-> masked placebo14 weeks of treatment HCQ did not reduce symptom severity when compared with placebo in non-hospitalized early/mild COVID-19 patients (difference in symptom severity: relative, 12%; absolute, −0.27 points (95% CI, −0.61 to 0.07 points); p = 0.117) With HCQ, the most commonly reported adverse effect was related to gastrointestinal symptoms:
T774 12988-13121 Sentence denotes 31% (66 of 212) of participants reported upset stomach or nausea, and 24% (50 of 212) reported abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea.
T775 13123-13245 Sentence denotes Lack of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in all participants.The use of epidemiologic linkage to enroll symptomatic persons.
T776 13246-13904 Sentence denotes Mahévas, et al. (2020) [38] No-randomize clinical study181 COVID-19 infected patients HCQ group -> 600 mg/day for 5 days (n = 84) within 48 h of admission to hospitalControl group (n = 97) Within day 7:20.2% infected patients of the HCQ group and 22.1% in the control group died or were transferred to the ICU;27.4% of the HCQ group and 24.4% of the no-HCQ group shown acute respiratory distress;On day 7 the percentage of death was similar in both HCQ and control group (2.8 vs. 4.8%, 3 vs. 4 events) 7 patients of the HCQ group showed QT interval prolongation.One patient presented first-degreeatrioventricular block after 2 days of HCQ administration.
T777 13906-13989 Sentence denotes The study was not randomized.Potential unmeasured confounders may bias the results.
T778 13990-14434 Sentence denotes Mahévas, et al. (2020) [39] Observational comparativestudy181 severe COVID-19 infected patients HCQ group -> 600 mg/day (n = 92)Control group -> SOC (n = 89) On day 21:Overall survival was 89% in the HCQ group and 91% in the control group;survival without acute respiratory distress syndrome was 69% in the HCQ group and 74% in the control group;patients who had been weaned from oxygen was 82% in the HCQ group and 76% in the control group.
T779 14436-14583 Sentence denotes 7 patients of HCQ group showed QT interval prolongationOne patient presented first-degreeatrioventricular block after 2 days of HCQ administration.
T780 14585-14762 Sentence denotes Treatment was not randomly assigned and potential unmeasured confounders could bias the results.Patients from previous trials by Mahévas et al. were also included in this study.
T781 14763-14981 Sentence denotes Lee, et al. (2020) [40] Single-center clinical study211 individuals exposed to COVID-19 400 mg day of HCQ as post-exposure prophylaxis14 days At the end 14 days of quarantine, there was negative follow-up PRC tests.
T782 14983-15121 Sentence denotes The most common side effects were diarrhea or loose stool (9%), skin rash (4.3%), gastrointestinal upset (0.95%) and, bradycardia (0.95%).
T783 15122-15267 Sentence denotes In 5 patients (2.7%) post-exposure prophylaxis was discontinued due to bradycardia (2), gastrointestinal upset (2), and the need for fasting (1).
T784 15269-15348 Sentence denotes There was not a control group and the study was carried out at a single center.
T785 15349-15480 Sentence denotes Boulware, et al. (2020) [41] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial 821 asymptomatic participants HCQ group:
T786 15481-15847 Sentence denotes 800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 h, then 600 mgdaily for 4 additional daysPlacebo group The incidence of new illness compatible with Covid-19 did not differ significantly between the HCQ group (49 of 414 (11.8%)) and the placebo group (58 of 407 (14.3%)); the absolute difference was −2.4 percentage points (95% confidence interval, −7.0 to 2.2; p = 0.35).
T787 15849-15923 Sentence denotes Nausea, loose stools, and abdominal discomfort were the main side effects.
T788 15924-16007 Sentence denotes There were no intervention-related severe adverse reactions or cardiac arrhythmias.
T789 16009-16026 Sentence denotes Small sample-size
T790 16027-16440 Sentence denotes Maissonasse, et al. (2020) [40] In vivo study on macaques Different strategies of treatment were compared with placebo, including HCQ alone or in combination with AZM, administrated either before or after viral load When HCQ was administrated as pre-exposure prophylaxis, it did not protect against infection acquisition.Neither HCQ nor HCQ + AZM had beneficial effects in improving viral infection’s symptoms.
T791 16442-16455 Sentence denotes Not reported.