Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T4 |
0-157 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). |
T5 |
158-296 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. |
T6 |
297-409 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. |
T7 |
410-498 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. |
T8 |
499-772 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. |
T9 |
773-963 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. |
T10 |
964-1077 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. |
T11 |
1078-1234 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. |
T12 |
1235-1432 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. |
T13 |
1433-1561 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. |
T14 |
1562-1751 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. |
T15 |
1752-1895 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”. |
T16 |
1896-2122 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. |
T17 |
2123-2254 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. |
T18 |
2255-2441 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system’s response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19. |