LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7647877 / 66604-77333 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T416 0-54 Sentence denotes The role of gut microbiota in COVID-19 immunonutrition
T417 55-137 Sentence denotes The human intestine hosts a complex bacterial community called the gut microbiota.
T418 138-257 Sentence denotes The microbiota is specific to each individual despite the existence of several bacterial species shared by most adults.
T419 258-327 Sentence denotes Scientific studies reveal its influence on human health and diseases.
T420 328-532 Sentence denotes In particular they have shown that the intestinal microbiota can play a causal role in the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, leading to the identification of different mechanisms.
T421 533-765 Sentence denotes In humans, differences are observed in the composition of the microbiota, in the functional genes and in the metabolic activities between obese and lean individuals, that suggest a contribution of the microbiota to these phenotypes.
T422 766-980 Sentence denotes Finally, the evidence linking intestinal bacteria to host metabolism could allow the development of new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota to treat or prevent obesity [155].
T423 981-1106 Sentence denotes Microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system [156].
T424 1107-1250 Sentence denotes The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”.
T425 1251-1479 Sentence denotes This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this, in turn, can affect the gut microbiota.
T426 1480-1602 Sentence denotes The immunological health of the gut, primarily mediated by the microbiota, influences lung health via the “gut-lung axis”.
T427 1603-1776 Sentence denotes In addition, microbial communities inhabiting the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract also contribute towards host defense against viral respiratory infections (VRIs).
T428 1777-1907 Sentence denotes Acute VRIs are associated with microbial dysbiosis in these communities, thus acting the optimal functioning of the immune system.
T429 1908-2148 Sentence denotes Alterations in the microbiota during influenza virus infection contributes to the pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infections, thus increasing the severity of the clinical course in the absence of appropriate immune responses [157, 158].
T430 2149-2363 Sentence denotes It is also known that alterations of the immune functions associated with chronic inflammation and related metabolic dysfunctions lead to a compromise of innate and acquired immune functions in the host [159, 160].
T431 2364-2546 Sentence denotes Moreover, chronic inflammation and the use of antibiotics are known to accompany disorders in the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis and aggravation of immune dysfunctions [161].
T432 2547-2829 Sentence denotes In addition, the prevalence of comorbid conditions (including chronic lung disease, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases) and old age predispose to infection, the development of ARDS and pneumonia, factors already observed for other infections such as influenza [162].
T433 2830-2945 Sentence denotes This point raises an interesting possibility that the new SARS-Cov-2 may also have an impact on the gut microbiota.
T434 2946-3079 Sentence denotes Indeed, several studies have shown that respiratory infections are associated with a change in the composition of the gut microbiota.
T435 3080-3229 Sentence denotes Numerous experimental and clinical observations have suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and ARDS [163].
T436 3230-3453 Sentence denotes Moreover, it is known that the signals derived from the intestinal microbiota tune the cells of the immune system for pro and anti-inflammatory responses which thus influence the susceptibility to various diseases (Fig. 2).
T437 3454-3559 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Graphical representation of immune homeostasis disequilibrium during SARS-Coronavirus 2 infection.
T438 3560-3686 Sentence denotes ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; T lymphocyte; IL: interleukin; Th: helper T lymphocyte; TNF: tumour necrosis factor
T439 3687-3780 Sentence denotes It is also known that respiratory virus infection causes perturbations in the gut microbiota.
T440 3781-3906 Sentence denotes Diet, environmental factors and genetics play an important role in shaping gut microbiota which can influence immunity [164].
T441 3907-4012 Sentence denotes There is growing evidence that supports the roles of the gut microbiota and diet to shape immunity [165].
T442 4013-4183 Sentence denotes Modulating the composition and metabolic capacity of the microbiome for specific dietary components is a promising strategy for influencing immune responses against VRIs.
T443 4184-4404 Sentence denotes Functional food components including probiotics, prebiotics and other bioactive ingredients of plant origin have been associated with immune benefits, mainly via microbiota modulation and impact on oxidative stress [65].
T444 4405-4631 Sentence denotes Several papers, regarding body composition, evaluated the correlation between fat mass and disease risk and then identified a new frontier of gut microbiota composition in the bodyweight decrease and anti-inflammatory effects.
T445 4632-4983 Sentence denotes As shown, the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, considering the relationship with obesity, may be possible reducing the inflammatory state, acting on the gut-microbiota and on the intestinal permeability improving the health of the intestinal flora, with 4P medicine and treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and polyphenols [166].
T446 4984-5168 Sentence denotes Prebiotic from fruits and vegetables is well-established to modulate the gut microbiota and numerous benefits have been reported in chronic inflammatory and metabolic conditions [167].
T447 5169-5347 Sentence denotes In fact, dietary fibers are a good source of accessible carbohydrates for microbiota then prebiotics have been studied in the context of modification of the human gut microbiota.
T448 5348-5519 Sentence denotes The compounds such as inulin, polydextrose, maize fiber have been shown to improve the immunity, gut diversity, digestion in humans and especially in elderly people [164].
T449 5520-5668 Sentence denotes Moreover, increased dietary fiber consumption is linked to reduced mortality rates in respiratory-related diseases and improved lung function [162].
T450 5669-5803 Sentence denotes Thus, plant-based diets, functional foods, and supplements present a promising strategy for protecting against respiratory infections.
T451 5804-5961 Sentence denotes Prebiotics lead the influence of microbiota composition and undergo microbial fermentation to produce SCFAs, such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate [168].
T452 5962-6221 Sentence denotes Overall, it is apparent that diet and personalized nutritional interventions acting in modulation of gut microbiota especially to control dysbiosis state and to some extent even lung microbiota can influence health status such as immunity conditions (Fig. 3).
T453 6222-6310 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 Graphical representation of personalized nutritional intervention during COVID-19
T454 6311-6537 Sentence denotes In addition, probiotics which are generally defined as “live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” have been shown to have profound effect on the health of the host.
T455 6538-6842 Sentence denotes In the intestine, the probiotics mainly refer to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and include many different strains such as L. johnsonii, L. fermentum, L. reuteri, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, and B. animalis subsp. lactis [169].
T456 6843-6929 Sentence denotes Fermented foods such as cultured milk products and yoghurt are enriched in probiotics.
T457 6930-7109 Sentence denotes They have shown good results in modulating inflammatory conditions as well as regulating innate immunity using toll-like receptors and the corresponding signalling pathways [170].
T458 7110-7306 Sentence denotes The capacity of probiotics to induce immunomodulation could be mediated either directly through interaction with immune cells or indirectly by supporting the challenged commensal microbiota [171].
T459 7307-7659 Sentence denotes Ingested probiotics with diet or through supplementation stimulate the immune system and initiate a complex of signals mediated by the whole bacteria, they then interact with intestinal epithelial cells also with immune cells associated with the lamina propria or other microbial PRRs and trigger the production of an array of cytokines and chemokines.
T460 7660-7794 Sentence denotes These molecules then interact with other immune cells through other pathways, leading to the activation of the mucosal immune systems.
T461 7795-7916 Sentence denotes As reported by many reviews specific probiotics have been demonstrated to enhance Th1 and regulatory Treg function [162].
T462 7917-8093 Sentence denotes It is clear that probiotics have an important role in the maintenance of immunologic equilibrium in the gastrointestinal tract through the direct interaction with immune cells.
T463 8094-8233 Sentence denotes Probiotic effectiveness can be species-, dose-, and disease-specific, and the duration of therapy depends on the clinical indication [170].
T464 8234-8479 Sentence denotes Additionally, phytochemicals including vitamins, micronutrients, and polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables have been shown a considerable importance in nutritional strategies for addressing the severity of viral respiratory diseases [65].
T465 8480-8599 Sentence denotes Some polyphenols influence microbiota composition and also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects.
T466 8600-8808 Sentence denotes The antiviral effect of polyphenols have been demonstrated to be mediated either by direct inhibitory effects on virus replication or through the induction of immunomodulatory and antioxidant responses [172].
T467 8809-8950 Sentence denotes In fact, oxidative stress has been implicated in lung tissue injury and epithelial barrier dysfunction in acute respiratory viral infections.
T468 8951-9081 Sentence denotes Dietary polyphenols are present in foods such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, tea, coffee, dark chocolate, cocoa powder, and wine.
T469 9082-9207 Sentence denotes The main groups of dietary polyphenols consist in phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes and diferuloylmethane [173].
T470 9208-9382 Sentence denotes Many evidences revealed the excellent immunomodulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), abundant in green tea on both innate and adaptive immune responses [174].
T471 9383-9535 Sentence denotes Finally, in this context there is an important role explained by postbiotics (also known as metabiotic, biogenic, or metabolite cell-free supernatants).
T472 9536-9703 Sentence denotes Postbiotics are products or metabolic byproducts secreted by live bacteria or released after bacterial lysis and they provide physiological benefits to the host [175].
T473 9704-9890 Sentence denotes There are multiple types of postbiotics with varied structures, such as Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), peptides, enzymes, teichoic acids, exo- and endo-polysaccharides, vitamins [176].
T474 9891-10069 Sentence denotes A protective role of postbiotics like SCFAs has been found in the immune system modulation; particularly in regulation of neutrophil migration in acute inflammation in the colon.
T475 10070-10317 Sentence denotes The benefits of microbially-fermented SCFAs are suggested to be mediated through the direct actions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) expressed on the gut epithelium, adipose tissues and immune cells, including monocytes and neutrophils [177].
T476 10318-10447 Sentence denotes Gut-derived SCFAs have been shown to influence the functions of innate immune cells as well as impact acquired immune components.
T477 10448-10729 Sentence denotes Studying microbiota and therefore the human immune system and its dysregulation, or controlling the effects of postbiotics in the symbiotic status represents an important opportunity to develop new drugs, and combining probiotic supplements, with vaccines and immunotherapies [16].