LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7647877 / 58236-66165 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T358 0-62 Sentence denotes Table 1 Dietary sources and immune function roles of nutrients
T359 63-114 Sentence denotes Nutrient Good dietary sources Immune function roles
T360 115-539 Sentence denotes Vitamin A Milk and cheese, eggs, liver, oily fish, fortified cereals, dark orange or green vegetables (e.g., carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, squash, kale, spinach, broccoli), orange fruits (e.g., apricots, peaches, papaya, mango, cantaloupe melon), tomato juice Normal differentiation of epithelial tissue; retinoic acid ↑ T and B cells with gut-homing specificity and array T cells and IgA + cells into intestinal tissues
T361 540-705 Sentence denotes Supporting the gut barrier; carotenoids; ↑immunoregulatory actions including ↓ toxic effects of ROS and regulating membrane fluidity and gap-junctional communication
T362 706-807 Sentence denotes Regulates number and function of NK cells,↑ to phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of macrophages
T363 808-836 Sentence denotes Downregulates IFN production
T364 837-1041 Sentence denotes Helps to regulate the production of IL-2 and the pro-inflammatory TNF-γ, ↑ microbial action of macrophages; involved in phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of macrophages activated during inflammation
T365 1042-1241 Sentence denotes Development and differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; ↑ TGF- β-dependent conversion of naïve T cells into regulatory T cells; plays a role in acquisition of mucosal-homing properties by T and B cells
T366 1242-1407 Sentence denotes Development and differentiation of Th 1 and Th2 cells; maintains normal antibody-mediated Th2 response by suppressing IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ production of Th1 cells
T367 1408-1610 Sentence denotes Normal functioning of B cells, necessary for generation of antibody responses to antigen; required for B cell-mediated IgA antibody responses to bacterial polysaccharide antigens [62, 79–82, 85, 92, 95]
T368 1611-1919 Sentence denotes Vitamin C Oranges and orange juice, red and green peppers, strawberries, blackcurrants, kiwi, broccoli, brussels sprouts, potatoes ↑ collagen synthesis and protects cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals; ↑ keratinocyte differentiation; ↑ lipid synthesis; ↑ fibroblast proliferation and migration
T369 1920-2035 Sentence denotes Proliferation, function, and movement of neutrophils, monocytes and phagocytes; ↑ NK cell activities and chemotaxis
T370 2036-2090 Sentence denotes ↑ Phagocytosis and ROS generation; ↑ microbial killing
T371 2091-2176 Sentence denotes ↑ Apoptosis and clearance of spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages
T372 2177-2230 Sentence denotes ↓ Extracellular trap (NET) formation, ↓ tissue damage
T373 2231-2293 Sentence denotes ↑ Antimicrobial effects; ↑ serum levels of complement proteins
T374 2294-2544 Sentence denotes Maintains redox homeostasis within cells and protects against ROS and RNS during oxidative burst; regenerates other important antioxidants, such as glutathione and vitamin E, to their active state; modulates cytokine production and ↓ histamine levels
T375 2545-2725 Sentence denotes Roles in production, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells; ↑ proliferation of lymphocytes, ↑ generation of antibodies [79, 85, 92, 95, 120]
T376 2726-3170 Sentence denotes Vitamin D Oily fish, liver, eggs, fortified foods (spreads and some breakfast cereals) Regulates antimicrobial proteins (cathelicidin and β-defensin), modifying intestinal microbiota to a healthier composition and supporting the gut, as well as protecting the lungs against infection; ↑ tight junction protein expression, E-cadherin and connexion 43 in the gut; maintains renal epithelial barrier function; ↑ corneal epithelial barrier function
T377 3171-3345 Sentence denotes Vitamin D receptor found in, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, and DCs; ↑ differentiation of monocytes to macrophages; calcitriol ↑ movement and phagocytic ability of macrophages
T378 3346-3488 Sentence denotes Regulates antimicrobial protein expression (cathelicidin and defensin), which directly kill pathogens, especially bacteria; ↓ IFN-γ production
T379 3489-3696 Sentence denotes ↑ The oxidative burst potential of macrophages; increases superoxide synthesis; reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages
T380 3697-4081 Sentence denotes Homing of T cells to the skin; ↓ T-cell proliferation; inhibitory effects mainly in adaptive immunity (e.g., Th1-cell activity); stimulatory effects in innate immunity; ↓ the effector functions of T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells; ↑ the production of Tregs; inhibitory effect on the differentiation and maturation of the antigen-presenting DCs, and helps program DCs for tolerance
T381 4082-4114 Sentence denotes ↓ Antibody production by B cells
T382 4115-4221 Sentence denotes ↑ Antigen processing; role in the down-regulation of MHC-II) [64, 71, 79–81, 85, 95, 99, 104–106, 151–153]
T383 4222-4401 Sentence denotes Vitamin E Many vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, wheat germ (e.g., in cereals) Protects cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals and ↑ the integrity of epithelial barriers
T384 4402-4509 Sentence denotes ↑ NK cell cytotoxic activity; ↓ PGE2 production by macrophages (thus indirectly protecting T-cell function)
T385 4510-4737 Sentence denotes Important fat-soluble antioxidant that hinders the chain reaction induced by free radicals (chain-breaking effect) and protects cells against them; ↑ IL-2 production; ↓ production of PGE2 (indirectly protecting T-cell function)
T386 4738-4955 Sentence denotes ↑ Lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell-mediated functions; ↑ Th1 response; ↓ Th2 response; helps to form effective immune synapses between Th cells; ↑ proportion of antigen-experienced memory [64, 79, 82, 95, 112, 113]
T387 4956-5169 Sentence denotes Zinc Shellfish, meat, cheese, some grains and seeds, cereals, seeded or whole grain breads Helps maintain integrity of skin and mucosal membrane (e.g., cofactor for metalloenzymesrequired for cell membrane repair)
T388 5170-5350 Sentence denotes ↑ NK cell cytotoxic activity; central role in cellular growth and differentiation of immune cells that have a rapid differentiation and turnover; ↑ phagocytic capacity of monocytes
T389 5351-5408 Sentence denotes Involved in complement activity; role in IFN-γ production
T390 5409-5733 Sentence denotes Anti-inflammatory agent; helps to modulate cytokine release by dampening the development of pro-inflammatory Th17 and Th9 cells and influencing the generation of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, and TNF; has antioxidant effects that protect against ROS and reactive nitrogen species; influences activity of antioxidant proteins
T391 5734-6063 Sentence denotes ↑ Proliferation of cytotoxic T cells; involved in Th1 cytokine production and thus supports Th1 response; essential for intracellular binding of tyrosine kinase to T cell receptors, required for T cell development, differentiation, and activation; ↑ development of Treg cells and is thus important in maintaining immune tolerance
T392 6064-6270 Sentence denotes Involved in antibody production, particularly IgG; involved in antibody response; important in maintaining immune tolerance (i.e., the ability to recognize “self” from “non-self”) [64, 82, 95, 116, 118–121]
T393 6271-6359 Sentence denotes Selenium Fish, shellfish, meat, eggs, some nuts especially brazil nuts ↑ IFN-γproduction
T394 6360-6462 Sentence denotes Selenoproteins important for antioxidant host defense system, affecting leukocyte and NK cell function
T395 6463-6622 Sentence denotes Essential for function of selenoproteins that act as redox regulators and cellular antioxidants, potentially counteracting ROS produced during oxidative stress
T396 6623-6676 Sentence denotes Roles in differentiation and proliferation of T cells
T397 6677-6742 Sentence denotes ↑ Th cell counts and to maintain antibody levels [82, 85, 92, 95]
T398 6743-6965 Sentence denotes Iron Meat, liver, beans, nuts, dried fruit (e.g., apricots), wholegrains (e.g., brown rice), fortified cereals, most dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale) Essential for differentiation and growth of epithelial tissue
T399 6966-7321 Sentence denotes Forms highly-toxic hydroxyl radicals, thus involved in killing of bacteria by neutrophils; component of enzymes critical for functioning of immune cells (e.g., ribonucleotide reductase involved in DNA synthesis); involved in regulation of cytokine production and action; ↑ M2-like macrophage phenotype and negatively regulates M1 pro-inflammatory response
T400 7322-7346 Sentence denotes Role in IFN-γ production
T401 7347-7490 Sentence denotes Involved in regulation of cytokine production and action; required for generation of pathogen-killing ROS by neutrophils during oxidative burst
T402 7491-7632 Sentence denotes Important in differentiation and proliferation of T cells; helps to regulate ratio between T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells [85, 95, 138]
T403 7633-7851 Sentence denotes Long chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Oilyfish Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties when enzymatically converted to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) known as resolvins, protectins, and maresins
T404 7852-7929 Sentence denotes ↑ Immune system, by helping to resolve the inflammatory response [63, 66, 67]