Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T200 |
0-103 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the present study cytoscape was used to visualise and analyse the main interacting partners of ACE2. |
T201 |
104-215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A PPI master network was created around ACE2 and they key first line and second line receptors were identified. |
T202 |
216-553 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, BiNGO analysis of the hub nodes was performed to determine the Gene Ontology categories which are statistically overrepresented in a set of obtained proteins to decipher the major molecular processes affected when ACE2 binds to the human receptors and when all the genes obtained in our network map interact with each-other. |
T203 |
554-649 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The top ten obtained hub nodes were ACE2, INS, AKT1, VEGFA, IL6, ALB, ACE, AGT, Renin and KNG1. |
T204 |
650-760 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and is suggested to be associated with SARS severity (Zhang et al., 2004). |
T205 |
761-872 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL-6 is being used as a potential biomarker whose measurements seem as a reliable measure to diagnose COVID-19. |
T206 |
873-986 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL6 is also involved in host defence against bacteria related inflammation diseases (Narazaki & Kishimoto, 2018). |
T207 |
987-1111 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In diseases, the IL-6 inhibitory strategy begins with the development of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab (TCZ). |
T208 |
1112-1199 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinical trials for Intravenous Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 pneumonia are underway. |
T209 |
1200-1348 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TCZ therapy is being given to prevent/treat the cytokine storms emerged as an outcome of severe COVID-9 infections due to sharp rise in IL-6 levels. |
T210 |
1349-1449 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In moderately and critically ill patients, repeated TCZ therapy seems beneficial (Luo et al., 2020). |
T211 |
1450-1630 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, which also have a key role in SARS-CoV-1 infection, are the most dysregulated pathways in early SARS-CoV-2 infection (Catanzaro et al., 2020). |
T212 |
1631-1770 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The change in cytokines’ expression (i.e. IL6, IL8, IL17, CCL2) are indicative of pro-inflammation in early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
T213 |
1771-1863 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A moderate exposure to hypoxia combined with viral infection increases the lung VEGF levels. |
T214 |
1864-1983 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This increase is mediated by an elevation in the levels of Endothelin (ET) which further induces HIF1A mRNA expression. |
T215 |
1984-2144 |
Sentence |
denotes |
High VEGF expression allows the pulmonary vascular albumin extravasation which leads to the vascular permeability (Carpenter et al., 2005;Hicklin et al., 2005). |
T216 |
2145-2349 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HIF1A along with AKT1 are indicated to be upregulated by viral entry mediated by endocytosis, import/export and translation of viral mRNA which is fundamental for their multiplication (Cava et al., 2020). |
T217 |
2350-2713 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HIF1A activators may be used for relieving the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 as it is responsible for the upregulation of glycolytic genes like phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) under hypoxic conditions which help the tissues to adapt to oxygen deprived conditions and resort to anaerobic ATP formation (Hu et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2019). |
T218 |
2714-2859 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Oxidative stress induces AkT inactivation which eventually reduces HIF1A and VEGFA levels in the body causing lung impairment (Lee et al., 2019). |
T219 |
2860-2987 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, compounds with Akt activating properties can be used to alleviate oxygen tension and improve the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. |
T220 |
2988-3214 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BiNGO analysis of cytoscape generated protein networks helped to understand the role of major hub nodes in understanding the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 and hence could be used as druggable targets for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. |