| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T398 |
0-5 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.10. |
| T399 |
6-49 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Improving the Composition of Gut Microbiome |
| T400 |
50-210 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bee products such as royal jelly and propolis display potent antifungal, bactericidal, microbicidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing effects [2,66]. |
| T401 |
211-282 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Most bee products investigated in this review were administered orally. |
| T402 |
283-513 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, it is likely that their therapeutic effects may start locally within the GI tract, which frequently undergoes propagation of harmful endobacteria, inflammation, aberrations, and permeability in advanced age [10,24,152]. |
| T403 |
514-644 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this respect, Roquetto and colleagues [116] supplemented C57BL/6 mice on HFD with crude propolis (0.2%) for two and five weeks. |
| T404 |
645-785 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HFD increased the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes as well as levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory biomarkers. |
| T405 |
786-933 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DNA sequencing for the 16S rRNA of the gut microbiota revealed that five weeks of propolis treatment rendered the microbiota profile almost normal. |
| T406 |
934-1167 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Compared with untreated mice, propolis-supplemented animals demonstrated lower levels of serum triacylglycerols, glucose, and circulating LPS, along with reduced expression of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle [116]. |
| T407 |
1168-1251 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Lactic acid bacteria profusely exist in bee saliva and all bee products [36,83,84]. |
| T408 |
1252-1383 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Various species of lactic acid bacteria have been experimentally used to correct GI dysbiosis and related muscle wasting [159,160]. |
| T409 |
1384-1468 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, oligosaccharides have been chemically isolated from bee products [32,161]. |
| T410 |
1469-1632 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These api-materials are classified as prebiotics, fermented non-digestible compounds that promote the proliferative activity of health-promoting bacteria [24,161]. |
| T411 |
1633-1791 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Supplementing frail old adults with fructooligosaccharides expressed positive effects on skeletal muscle strength (handgrip) and endurance (exhaustion) [162]. |
| T412 |
1792-1884 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On the other side, microbiome of the gut can affect the biological activity of bee products. |
| T413 |
1885-2099 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The literature shows that certain endobacteria transform dietary polyphenols into phenolic acids, which can easily access the circulation and then cross the blood brain barrier to produce therapeutic effects [163]. |
| T414 |
2100-2324 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, it is important that future investigations of bee products among sarcopenic subjects examine the effect of these products on the composition of GI microbial population and its association with muscle-related outcomes. |
