| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T176 |
0-298 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Though few animal models were used to examine the effect of bee products on sarcopenia, findings indicate that royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen can induce both structural and symptomatic improvements and reduce behavioral dysfunctions associated with sarcopenia in rodents (Figure 1, Panel C). |
| T177 |
299-728 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Both crude and protease-treated royal jelly (pRJ) significantly delayed age-related impairment of motor functions in d-galactose induced mouse model of aging [95], naturally aged sarcopenic mice [96], and in genetically heterogeneous head tilt (HET) mice—which exhibit vestibular dysfunction, imbalanced position, and inability to swim—by improving performance on grip strength, wire hang, horizontal bar, and rotarod tests [97]. |
| T178 |
729-925 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, royal jelly improved physical performance in aged rodents—it significantly increased the number of crossings and swimming speed and prolonged swimming distance in water maze [96,98,99]. |
| T179 |
926-1342 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, royal jelly decreased lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle [100], positively improved the size of muscle fibers, lowered age-related reduction of skeletal muscle weight [95,96,97,100], increased the differentiation and proliferation rate of muscle satellite cell, improved the regenerative capacity of injured muscle, and suppressed catabolic genes in aged mice with sarcopenia and in HET mice [96,97]. |
| T180 |
1343-1477 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The muscle mass-accelerating effects of 10-HDA, a key fatty acid in royal jelly, were more pronounced in male animals than in females. |
| T181 |
1478-1559 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, 10-HDA mitigated the accumulation of adipose tissue in female mice [54]. |
| T182 |
1560-1684 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is note-worthy that pRJ had no effect on muscle strength and physical performance in humans aged 70 years and above [59]. |
