Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T188 |
0-6 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.2.3. |
T189 |
7-21 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2D 1H,13C-HSQC |
T190 |
22-258 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2D- Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) experiments are commonly used to help resolve spectral overlap [139] while providing 13C information without the inherent sensitivity losses involved in 13C direct detection (see below). |
T191 |
259-355 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSQC shows the correlations between directly coupled nuclei [140], e.g., 1H-13C or 1H-15N [140]. |
T192 |
356-502 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As such, an HSQC spectrum will show clean peaks for each unique proton directly connected to the heteronuclear nuclear atom of interest [140,141]. |
T193 |
503-674 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In 1H,13C/15N HSQC experiments, the magnetization is transferred from the more sensitive nucleus (I:1H) to the less sensitive nucleus (S:13C/15N) [142,143,144] (Figure 3). |
T194 |
675-864 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This is especially useful when applying NMR spectroscopy to drug design, as most drugs are organic (i.e., contain carbon atoms), and the relative abundance of 13C (1.1%) is quite low [143]. |
T195 |
865-993 |
Sentence |
denotes |
By transferring sensitivity from 1H to 13C, one can circumvent the long experimental time required for 1D 13C experiments [143]. |
T196 |
994-1150 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For example, De Castro et al. [145] studied Ptac2S and its related cytotoxicity to the cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), Skov-3 cells. |
T197 |
1151-1292 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the study, they used NMR spectroscopy and multi-variate statistical analysis to observe how Skov-3 cells reacted to treatment with Ptac2S. |
T198 |
1293-1521 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In particular, they used 1H,13C-HSQC along with 1H-COSY and Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), and the Human Metabolome Database to assign the chemical shifts of the lipid metabolites present in the studied samples. |
T199 |
1522-1634 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, Skov-3 cells treated with Ptac2S produced more pyruvate than Skov-3 cells treated with cisplatin. |
T200 |
1635-1794 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The authors also noticed an unexpected difference in lipid metabolite expression levels between the cells treated with Ptac2S and those treated with cisplatin. |
T201 |
1795-1918 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results provide a possible explanation for how Ptac2S is able to overcome cisplatin resistance in Skov-3 cells [145]. |