LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7594251 / 12662-15760 JSONTXT 6 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T88 0-6 Sentence denotes 2.1.1.
T89 7-16 Sentence denotes 1D 1H-NMR
T90 17-218 Sentence denotes The 1H hydrogen isotope is NMR visible, has the highest gyromagnetic ratio (apart from tritium) of all of NMR active nuclei, and is combined with a vast natural abundance in organic chemical compounds.
T91 219-294 Sentence denotes This makes the 1D-1H-NMR experiment the most commonly applied NMR approach.
T92 295-487 Sentence denotes Moreover, many software databases [99,100,101,102] are well established for 1H-NMR spectra therefore assisting with processing, analyzing, and identifying the detected molecules automatically.
T93 488-655 Sentence denotes Since almost all drug discovery and drug development studies are performed on samples dissolved in water, many different solvent suppression methods have been applied.
T94 656-699 Sentence denotes The most common is presaturation [103,104].
T95 700-800 Sentence denotes The key point of this method is to use a low power induced field at the specific frequency of water.
T96 801-868 Sentence denotes This effectively averages out any coherence of the water resonance.
T97 869-1118 Sentence denotes The experiment is simple for common hardware to perform and easy to set up; however, presaturation has a substantial disadvantage in that signals resonating close to the solvent signal will show decreased intensity [103,104] or may be lost entirely.
T98 1119-1240 Sentence denotes This is due to the fact the even selective pulses or very low power pulses also excite some area around the water signal.
T99 1241-1413 Sentence denotes Also suppressed hydrogen from H2O in solution can exchange with atoms of interest in the molecule and effectively bleed the suppressive spin state to any neighboring atoms.
T100 1414-1566 Sentence denotes The water signal itself is usually broad, so a wider area of suppression is not necessarily undesirable but affects more of the molecule(s) of interest.
T101 1567-1700 Sentence denotes More recent water suppression techniques have been developed such as those based on a scheme known as excitation sculpting [105,106].
T102 1701-1874 Sentence denotes The basic pulse sequence consists of a double pulsed field gradient echo (DPFGE) in each of which a selective component pulse is flanked by two pulsed field gradients [107].
T103 1875-1933 Sentence denotes The particular elements differ for different applications.
T104 1934-2246 Sentence denotes In the case of water suppression known as WATER suppression by GrAdient Tailored Excitation (WATERGATE), this involves an initial encoding gradient along with the middle element; a combination of two selective 90° rotations on the water along with a central non-selective 180° excitation of all resonances [108].
T105 2247-2377 Sentence denotes This is predicated in that water experiences a 360° rotation (effectively nothing) while all other spins experience 180° rotation.
T106 2378-2488 Sentence denotes The application of the second refocusing gradient does not rephase the water and therefore removes the signal.
T107 2489-2577 Sentence denotes The reader is referred to the detailed literature [103,104,109] for further information.
T108 2578-2813 Sentence denotes In principle, a water suppression element (or many elements combined) can be incorporated in any existing pulse sequence to enhance the performance, and it has been implemented in various 1D, 2D, and triple resonance 3D/4D experiments.
T109 2814-2992 Sentence denotes Although 1H is the most sensitive nucleus for NMR yielding strong, sharp signals within a few minutes [110], chemical shift dispersion of 1H is quite narrow (only around 10 ppm).
T110 2993-3098 Sentence denotes This has prompted the consideration of other nuclei such as 13C, 15N, or 31P for resolution improvements.