LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7594251 / 103375-107948 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T684 0-2 Sentence denotes 4.
T685 3-25 Sentence denotes In-Cell NMR Approaches
T686 26-205 Sentence denotes The interactions between targets (proteins) and ligands (small molecules) can be analyzed independently of the biological systems by using ‘cell-based’ NMR drug design approaches.
T687 206-357 Sentence denotes Three basic approaches [409] are as follows: (1) Compound-detected in-cell NMR, (2) Target-detected in-cell NMR, and (3) Reporter-detected in-cell NMR.
T688 358-542 Sentence denotes These methods, with the exception of compound detected in-cell NMR, differ according to the isotopically labeled structure (protein, cell structure, etc.), which enables NMR detection.
T689 543-615 Sentence denotes A cartoon representation of each of these methods is given in Figure 13.
T690 617-621 Sentence denotes 4.1.
T691 622-651 Sentence denotes Compound-Detected In-Cell NMR
T692 652-796 Sentence denotes STD NMR is a technique that lies within the compound-detected in-cell NMR method but does not require isotope-labelling of the studied compound.
T693 797-890 Sentence denotes However isotopic labelling of the compound may be used to enhance the quality of the spectra.
T694 892-896 Sentence denotes 4.2.
T695 897-924 Sentence denotes Target-Detected In-Cell NMR
T696 925-1040 Sentence denotes In the target-detected in-cell NMR only the target of interest is isotopically labeled (i.e., 15N labeled protein).
T697 1041-1183 Sentence denotes For instance, target proteins can be isotopically labeled during cell growth in isotopically enriched (13C, 15N, or both 15N/13C) media [410].
T698 1184-1250 Sentence denotes The cell type and the labeling method may vary across experiments.
T699 1251-1438 Sentence denotes Different cell types, including bacteria [411], oocytes [412], yeast cells [413], mammalian cells [414], HeLa cells [415] and even insect cells [416] have been reported in the literature.
T700 1439-1573 Sentence denotes The fact that in-cell NMR applies to more than one cell type testifies of the versatility and potential application of this technique.
T701 1574-1692 Sentence denotes In terms of labeling, 15N is one of the most commonly used approaches [417] when the targets of interest are proteins.
T702 1693-1790 Sentence denotes Recently, 19F labeling has been reported as a useful probe for protein-ligand interactions [418].
T703 1791-1892 Sentence denotes It was shown that 19F can reveal information about the dynamics of protein-ligand interactions [419].
T704 1893-2094 Sentence denotes Methyl groups [420] have also been used as probes for proteins and complexes in vivo [420], proving that labeling specific chemical groups instead of the entire biomolecule (i.e., protein) is feasible.
T705 2096-2100 Sentence denotes 4.3.
T706 2101-2130 Sentence denotes Reporter-Detected In-Cell NMR
T707 2131-2246 Sentence denotes In-cell NMR extends beyond proteins, and has been applied successfully to DNA [93,421] and RNA molecules [422,423].
T708 2247-2328 Sentence denotes Telomeric repeats have also been studied using target detected in-cell NMR [424].
T709 2329-2518 Sentence denotes The reporter-detected in-cell NMR technique isotopically labels neither the ligand nor the target, but rather a receptor that indirectly measures the effects of ligand-target binding [409].
T710 2519-2579 Sentence denotes The “reporter” varies according to the experimental context.
T711 2580-2731 Sentence denotes For instance, Dose et al. [425] used acetylation- and deacetylation-based assays to monitor the activity of histone deacetylase and acetyl-transferase.
T712 2732-2854 Sentence denotes Thongwichian et al. [426] used peptide-based reporters to identify active kinases and phosphatases in cellular conditions.
T713 2855-3020 Sentence denotes Lastly, Doura et al. [427] designed a 19F probe that operates in biological conditions in order to study the adherence and dynamics of proteins found in human blood.
T714 3022-3050 Sentence denotes 4.4. “In-Virus” NMR Strategy
T715 3051-3266 Sentence denotes In many viruses and phages, scaffolding proteins (SPs) are required to ensure the correct organization of coat proteins (CPs) and other minor capsid proteins into a precursor structure, called a procapsid [428,429].
T716 3267-3445 Sentence denotes Although SPs are critical for viral assembly and therefore potential therapeutic targets their structural properties (with only a few exceptions [430,431]) are poorly understood.
T717 3446-3596 Sentence denotes The size limitation of NMR can be used advantageously as a filter to identify disordered segments even in very large supramolecular protein complexes.
T718 3597-3739 Sentence denotes In this way, NMR can provide a unique perspective on the dynamic and disordered elements of macromolecules not accessible by other techniques.
T719 3740-4149 Sentence denotes The procapsid encapsulation experiments described by Whitehead et al. [432] were conceptually analogous to in-cell NMR experiments [433,434,435] in which signals from small proteins, or flexible segments of proteins, can be observed when they are incorporated inside living cells, as long as the isotope-labeled proteins of interest do not interact strongly with other large cellular components [433,434,435].
T720 4150-4421 Sentence denotes The so called ‘‘in-virus’’ NMR strategy applied by Whitehead et al. [432] could be more generally used to study the dynamic properties of macromolecules encapsulated into virus particles, including cargo molecules encased in viral capsids for nanotechnology applications.
T721 4422-4573 Sentence denotes Additionally, such studies could assess the level of interaction of cargo molecules with the virus and probe the release properties of cargo NMR [432].