| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T231 |
0-151 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Autophagy per se plays a very crucial role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity both in normal conditions and in response to pathogen challenges. |
| T232 |
152-365 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Autophagy directly governs key aspects of the innate immune activation, including the secretion of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, which are essential to combat different microbial pathogens [7,8,9,84]. |
| T233 |
366-570 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The “inflammasome” is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex that detects pathogenic microorganisms or other cellular stresses and activates potent pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 [87,133]. |
| T234 |
571-742 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although inflammasome activation is an early innate response to protect the host, its prolonged activation can lead to severe hyperinflammation and tissue injury [47,130]. |
| T235 |
743-959 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recent studies suggest that autophagy is a negative regulator of inflammasome activation as a deficiency of autophagy components such as LC3B or Beclin-1 promotes NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation [47,130,133]. |
| T236 |
960-1263 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Apart from its regulation of inflammasome, autophagy also suppresses the overactivation of other inflammation-inducing factors such as NFκB, suggesting a general protective role of autophagy in keeping a check of uncontrolled innate immune activation that may contribute to lung injury [11,37,38,54,55]. |
| T237 |
1264-1493 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the adaptive immune system, functional autophagy is required for the survival, development, maturation, and function of immune cells such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and monocytes [7,9,84,163,164,165]. |
| T238 |
1494-1662 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, in dendritic cells (DC’s), antigen processing and presentation to MHC-II is dependent on the autophagic generation of suitable peptides [9,20,88,163,164,165]. |
| T239 |
1663-1884 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells on MHC-I is also dependent on autophagy, thus implicating its indispensable role in generating an adequate immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens [163,164,165]. |
| T240 |
1885-2123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, autophagy promotes adequate antigen presentation to T cells in numerous infection models, thereby facilitating a robust adaptive immune response and further demonstrating the necessary functional role autophagy plays in infections. |
