Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T22 |
0-10 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Discussion |
T23 |
11-224 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To our knowledge, this is a novel description of COVID-19 related pleural effusion describing the pleural fluid analysis of virus detection confirmed by RT-PCR and behaving as a complicated parapneumonic effusion. |
T24 |
225-336 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is a paucity of data describing the pleural complications in relation to the viral infections in general. |
T25 |
337-532 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A prior study by Cohen and Sahn,1 reported an 8% incidence of pleural effusions in patients with acute viral infection, while using lateral decubitus chest X-rays incidence is reported to be 18%. |
T26 |
533-696 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the true incidence of viral related pleural effusion may be even higher if pleural ultrasonography is used as a screening tool for pleural fluid presence. |
T27 |
697-826 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In a review by Nestor et al., 2 the pleural fluid analysis in viral related pleural effusion is variable and typically exudative. |
T28 |
827-907 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pleural fluid appearance can range from serous, serosanguineous, to hemorrhagic. |
T29 |
908-1193 |
Sentence |
denotes |
With respect to the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, review of literature reveals the prevalence of pleural effusion can be as high as 14% in patients.3–5 In one of the largest trials, Li et al.3 described intrathoracic lymph node enlargement in 67% of cases and pleural effusion in 14% of cases. |
T30 |
1194-1300 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Patients with more severe cases have a higher prevalence of both lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions.3–5 |
T31 |
1301-1393 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pleural fluid analysis in this case showed an exudative effusion with high lymphocyte count. |
T32 |
1394-1595 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Even though pleural fluid analysis is rarely diagnostic in isolation, the differential diagnosis of a lymphocytic, exudative pleural effusion is broad and would include viral related pleural effusions. |
T33 |
1596-1764 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In our case, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using RT-PCR, which is consistent with the diagnosis of a complicated parapneumonic effusion from SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. |
T34 |
1765-1786 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Conflict of interest. |
T35 |
1787-1801 |
Sentence |
denotes |
None declared. |
T36 |
1802-1811 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 1. |
T37 |
1813-1966 |
Sentence |
denotes |
An axial image of a contrasted chest computed tomography (CT) at the level of the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery and at the level of the hilum. |
T38 |
1967-2043 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The chest CT demonstrates a large, left-sided, non-complex pleural effusion. |
T39 |
2044-2168 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are pathologically enlarged lymph nodes, defined by >1 cm in short axis, located in the sub-carinal and hilar regions. |