LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7543680 / 5313-11291 JSONTXT 9 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T42 0-7 Sentence denotes Methods
T43 9-33 Sentence denotes Study Design and Setting
T44 34-180 Sentence denotes The data used in this study stem from a special cross-sectional survey from the GESIS panel on the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Germany (6).
T45 181-299 Sentence denotes The regular GESIS Panel is a representative probability-based mixed-mode access panel, which started in February 2014.
T46 300-351 Sentence denotes Data collection takes place up to six times a year.
T47 352-460 Sentence denotes Recruitment is based on random samples of individuals from population registries, stratified by regions (7).
T48 461-588 Sentence denotes The complete panel comprises about 5,400 participants aged 18 years and older, of which about three quarter participate online.
T49 589-711 Sentence denotes Data collection was carried out by a German institute for market and social research, Kantar TNS (formerly TNS Infratest).
T50 713-738 Sentence denotes Sampling and Participants
T51 739-787 Sentence denotes Data was collected from 16th to 29th March 2020.
T52 788-951 Sentence denotes Due to the necessity of timely data collection, only the subsample of online respondents was invited to participate in the special survey on the COVID-19 outbreak.
T53 952-1141 Sentence denotes Three thousand seven hundred and sixty-five persons were contacted and 3,186 filled out the online-questionnaire (response rate of 84.6%), hence the sample size for this study is N = 3,186.
T54 1142-1269 Sentence denotes Since this special survey represents a subsample of the regular GESIS panel, weights were applied to ensure representativeness.
T55 1270-1503 Sentence denotes Informed consent for initial participation as well as subsequent panel participation was requested prior to the first interview, and was considered to have been given when individuals have sent back the signed informed consent sheet.
T56 1504-1582 Sentence denotes All information material and informed consent sheets are available online (8).
T57 1583-1791 Sentence denotes According to ethical and privacy policies as well as data protection, Kantar TNS follows the high standards of the ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion, and Social Research and Data Analytics (9).
T58 1793-1816 Sentence denotes Additional Data Sources
T59 1817-1941 Sentence denotes For Figure 1 and Table 1, we used additional data sources providing information about policy measures and infection numbers.
T60 1942-2022 Sentence denotes Data on measures undertaken by German politics stem from the acaps-website (10).
T61 2023-2229 Sentence denotes Data on numbers of confirmed cases of people infected with COVID-19 are taken from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at the Johns Hopkins University (11).
T62 2230-2335 Sentence denotes Table 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany until the end of data collection (end of March 2020).
T63 2336-2361 Sentence denotes Date Category Measure
T64 2362-2414 Sentence denotes 2020-02-06 Public health measures Health campaign.
T65 2415-2527 Sentence denotes 2020-02-29 Movement restrictions Additional health/documents requirements upon arrival from certain countries.
T66 2528-2597 Sentence denotes 2020-03-04 Socio-economic measures Export ban for medical products.
T67 2598-2676 Sentence denotes 2020-03-10 Social distancing All gatherings over 1,000 members are canceled.
T68 2677-2747 Sentence denotes 2020-03-10 Movement restrictions Intensification of border controls.
T69 2748-2851 Sentence denotes 2020-03-10 Socio-economic measures Suspension on the usual ban of commercial road traffic on Sundays.
T70 2852-2932 Sentence denotes 2020-03-11 Public health measures Special funding for research on coronavirus.
T71 2933-3003 Sentence denotes 2020-03-12 Public health measures Isolation and quarantine policies.
T72 3004-3083 Sentence denotes 2020-03-14 Social distancing All events with more than 50 persons are banned.
T73 3084-3179 Sentence denotes 2020-03-16 Public health measures All non-essential surgeries in hospitals will be postponed.
T74 3180-3230 Sentence denotes 2020-03-16 Movement restrictions Border closure.
T75 3231-3278 Sentence denotes 2020-03-16 Social distancing Schools closure.
T76 3279-3352 Sentence denotes 2020-03-16 Social distancing Closure of businesses and public services.
T77 3353-3418 Sentence denotes 2020-03-16 Socio-economic measures State of emergency declared.
T78 3419-3504 Sentence denotes 2020-03-22 Social distancing Restaurants are being closed; delivery still possible.
T79 3505-3588 Sentence denotes 2020-03-22 Social distancing Movement in public spaces is limited to two persons.
T80 3589-3670 Sentence denotes 2020-03-22 Lockdown Only essential trips, including for work are still allowed.
T81 3671-3746 Sentence denotes 2020-03-23 Public health measures Strengthening the public health system.
T82 3747-3802 Sentence denotes 2020-03-23 Socio-economic measures Economic measures.
T83 3803-3895 Sentence denotes 2020-03-25 Movement restrictions Seasonal workers and harvesters are banned from entering.
T84 3896-4034 Sentence denotes 2020-03-25 Public health measures Financial incentives improved for people to take second job in essential industries, including health.
T85 4036-4044 Sentence denotes Measures
T86 4046-4053 Sentence denotes Outcome
T87 4054-4738 Sentence denotes Information on behavior to lower the risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 was assessed by eight different items: (1) “I have avoided certain (busy) places,” (2) “I have adapted my school or work situation,” (3) “I washed my hands more often and longer,” (4) “I have kept distance to other people (at least 1.5 m),” (5) “I have quarantined myself, although I have no symptoms,” (6) “I used disinfectant,” (7) “I have reduced personal meetings and contacts,” and (8) “I was wearing face masks.” Additionally, one item was used to indicate that no protective behavior was undertaken, “I have taken none of these measures.” All of these items had two answering options, “yes” and “no.”
T88 4740-4761 Sentence denotes Independent Variables
T89 4762-4909 Sentence denotes Educational level was measured using the ISCED-97 scale (12) and was recoded into three categories (low, intermediate, and high educational level).
T90 4910-4936 Sentence denotes Sex and age were recorded.
T91 4937-5120 Sentence denotes Age was divided into ten categories, each spanning a range of 5 years, except for the lowest and highest age category (people under 25 and people above 70 years of age, respectively).
T92 5121-5220 Sentence denotes Legal marital status has four categories: unmarried, married or partnership, widowed, and divorced.
T93 5221-5298 Sentence denotes Household composition is classified by the total number of household members.
T94 5300-5320 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis
T95 5321-5435 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics were chosen to document the sample characteristics and the distribution of item categories.
T96 5436-5546 Sentence denotes Associations between independent variables and binary outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models.
T97 5547-5686 Sentence denotes Thus, we calculated nine multiple logistic regression models, each model included the same, complete set of all five independent variables.
T98 5687-5752 Sentence denotes Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values are reported.
T99 5753-5797 Sentence denotes Multicollinearity was tested for all models.
T100 5798-5902 Sentence denotes All models had a variance inflation factor (VIF) below 2, indicating no severe collinearity issues (13).
T101 5903-5978 Sentence denotes Analyses were conducted using the R Statistical Package version 4.0.0 (14).