LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7537094 / 1474-14367 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T13 0-15 Sentence denotes 1 INTRODUCTION
T14 16-110 Sentence denotes The COVID‐19 pandemic has caught a lot of people, governments and health agencies by surprise.
T15 111-305 Sentence denotes Health authorities throughout the world have been aware for some time that contagious viruses could strike anytime and had prepared contingency measures before SARS‐CoV‐2 manifested its effects.
T16 306-482 Sentence denotes But even the best prepared authorities have been stunned by the speed and ease with which the infections have been transmitted among individuals and across national boundaries.
T17 483-686 Sentence denotes In the Philippines, the consequences have been severe not only for vulnerable sectors but also for an entire population that previously had confidence in its ability to deal with pandemics and disasters.
T18 687-783 Sentence denotes Located in Southeast Asia, the Philippines is an archipelago made up of more than 7,100 islands.
T19 784-899 Sentence denotes The estimated population for the middle of 2020 is 110 million, which is expected to continue to increase slightly.
T20 900-1090 Sentence denotes Notwithstanding a downward trend in population growth and fertility rate, the country is still one of the most densely populated in Southeast Asia and even in the entire Asia‐Pacific region.
T21 1091-1211 Sentence denotes The downward trend in growth rate is attributed to an aging population, the diminishing birth rate and poor health care.
T22 1212-1356 Sentence denotes The Philippines has a high tuberculosis prevalence and it is among the countries with a high probability of death from noncommunicable diseases.
T23 1357-1436 Sentence denotes It has an average Human Development Index rating.1 Pletcher, H. (2020, May 21).
T24 1437-1478 Sentence denotes Total Population of the Philippines 2024.
T25 1479-1488 Sentence denotes Statista.
T26 1489-1597 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 24, 2020, from, https://www.statista.com/statistics/578726/total‐population‐of‐philippines/
T27 1598-1674 Sentence denotes How dire is the situation in this country compared to the rest of the world?
T28 1675-2020 Sentence denotes As of August 14, 2020, the Philippines was 22nd in the list of countries with the highest number of COVID‐19 cases throughout the world and it had the highest number of cases among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, even though its population is less than half that of second placed Indonesia.2 Elflein, J. (2020, August 14).
T29 2021-2080 Sentence denotes COVID‐19 Cases Worldwide as of August 14, 2020, by Country.
T30 2081-2090 Sentence denotes Statista.
T31 2091-2221 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1043366/novel‐coronavirus‐2019ncov‐cases‐worldwide‐by‐country/
T32 2222-2450 Sentence denotes The Philippines also had the highest number of COVID‐19 cases per million in the region, and the 14th highest number of active cases as well as the 32nd highest total number of deaths in the world.3 Anonymous. (2020, August 17).
T33 2451-2514 Sentence denotes Reported Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance.
T34 2515-2527 Sentence denotes Worldometer.
T35 2528-2628 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 17, 2020, from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1
T36 2629-2796 Sentence denotes Additionally, the country had the highest number of deaths per million population among Southeast Asian countries as of August 14, 2020.4 de Best, R. (2020, August 5).
T37 2797-2884 Sentence denotes COVID‐19 Deaths Worldwide per One Million Population as of August 14, 2020, by Country.
T38 2885-2894 Sentence denotes Statista.
T39 2895-3024 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1104709/coronavirus‐deaths‐worldwide‐per‐million‐inhabitants/
T40 3025-3203 Sentence denotes In light of these statistics, it is quite frustrating that the Philippines could only manage to be ranked a lowly 128th in the number of tests done per million population.5 Ibid.
T41 3204-3454 Sentence denotes Perhaps this is partly due to the economic reality that the country’s Gross Domestic Product at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita in 2017 was only $8,361 – rated 115th worldwide and only 6th among Southeast Asian countries.6 Anonymous. (2020).
T42 3455-3478 Sentence denotes Gross Domestic Product.
T43 3479-3491 Sentence denotes Worldometer.
T44 3492-3573 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 17, 2020, from https://www.worldometers.info/gdp/gdp‐per‐capita/
T45 3574-3724 Sentence denotes The rankings using the above COVID‐19 parameters have deteriorated even after the country was placed under the longest quarantine period in the world.
T46 3725-3915 Sentence denotes The prolonged lockdown is understood to be the reason why Filipinos are experiencing a “recession for the first time since the 1997‐98 Asian financial crisis”.7 Castaneda, J. (2020, May 15).
T47 3916-3964 Sentence denotes Why Duterte Won’t Lift World’s Longest Lockdown.
T48 3965-3976 Sentence denotes Asia Times.
T49 3977-4083 Sentence denotes Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://asiatimes.com/2020/05/why‐duterte‐wont‐lift‐worlds‐longest‐lockdown/
T50 4084-4266 Sentence denotes Before the pandemic started to show its effects in the country in January 2020, the unemployment rate was recorded at 5.3 percent.8 Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020, August 7).
T51 4267-4304 Sentence denotes Employment Situation in January 2020.
T52 4305-4399 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 22, 2020, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/employment‐situation‐january‐2020‐0
T53 4400-4616 Sentence denotes It quickly rose to 17.7 percent in April 2020, meaning that there were 7.3 million Filipinos in the labor force who were out of a job – a record high for the country.9 Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020, June 5).
T54 4617-4652 Sentence denotes Employment Situation in April 2020.
T55 4653-4743 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 22, 2020, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/employment‐situation‐april‐2020
T56 4744-4892 Sentence denotes The impact of COVID‐19 has been of such magnitude that social, cultural, economic, educational, political, and health institutions have been shaken.
T57 4893-5163 Sentence denotes The steps taken to address this impact have forced the government to acquire loans since March this year amounting to US$ 6.8 billion, a figure that has worried economists because of what it means for the country’s debt to GDP ratio.10 Punongbayan, J.C. (2020, June 19).
T58 5164-5232 Sentence denotes Last updated 2020, June 19. [Analysis] Duterte’s New COVID‐19 Loans:
T59 5233-5247 Sentence denotes Need we Worry?
T60 5248-5373 Sentence denotes Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://www.rappler.com/thought‐leaders/264259‐analysis‐duterte‐coronavirus‐loans‐need‐we‐worry
T61 5374-5645 Sentence denotes As the government experiments with ways of jumpstarting a process of recovery for the Filipino people, we have to be very clear about the nature of the issues that we need to address as we put together initiatives based on a vision of the future that we can widely share.
T62 5646-5778 Sentence denotes This paper uses a fair allocation approach to identify and analyze ethical concerns arising in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T63 5779-5981 Sentence denotes Fair allocation is taken to refer to “arrangements that allow equal geographic, economic and cultural access to available services for all in equal need of care.”11 Whitehead, M., & Dahlgren, G. (2006).
T64 5982-6047 Sentence denotes Concepts and Principles for Tackling Social Inequities in Health:
T65 6048-6068 Sentence denotes Levelling up Part 1.
T66 6069-6118 Sentence denotes Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2006.
T67 6119-6226 Sentence denotes The arrangements can be systemic or politically driven; they can be the product of neglect or indifference.
T68 6227-6573 Sentence denotes The approach shares the view that “all systematic differences in health between different socioeconomic groups within a country can be considered unfair and, therefore, classed as health inequities, [and these]. . . are directly or indirectly generated by social, economic and environmental factors and structurally influenced lifestyles.12 Ibid.
T69 6574-6916 Sentence denotes While highlighting the existing access or lack of access in the context of very closely intertwined social and health indicators, this paper uses equity and equality interchangeably: “in the public health community the phrase social inequalities in health carries the same connotation of health differences that are unfair and unjust.13 Ibid.
T70 6917-7209 Sentence denotes Hence, the paper’s fair allocation approach examines the COVID‐19 related events and response measures on the basis of the principle that the pandemic experiences cannot be seen in isolation as strictly health phenomena: “Health equity cannot be concerned only with health, seen in isolation.
T71 7210-7347 Sentence denotes Rather it must come to grips with the larger issue of fairness and justice in social arrangements, including economic allocations . . . .
T72 7348-7451 Sentence denotes Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance.”14 Sen, A. (2004).
T73 7452-7470 Sentence denotes Why Health Equity?
T74 7471-7476 Sentence denotes In S.
T75 7477-7486 Sentence denotes Anand, F.
T76 7487-7498 Sentence denotes Peter, & A.
T77 7499-7545 Sentence denotes Sen (Eds.), Public Health, Ethics, and Equity.
T78 7546-7555 Sentence denotes New York:
T79 7556-7584 Sentence denotes Oxford University Press, pp.
T80 7585-7591 Sentence denotes 21–34.
T81 7592-7842 Sentence denotes This approach considers the impact of how health‐related resources have been allocated or distributed and looks at the issues over a period that precedes the onset of the COVID‐19 emergency and extends beyond the expected end of the current pandemic.
T82 7843-8126 Sentence denotes What this avoids is a narrower view that looks at the COVID‐19 emergency as a disease‐focused phenomenon that started with the transmission of the virus to humans and will end when a medical solution is discovered in the form of a cure for the disease or the control of transmission.
T83 8127-8302 Sentence denotes It is very important for a proper approach to “take into account how resource allocation and social arrangements link health with other features of states of affairs.”15 Ibid.
T84 8303-8544 Sentence denotes The paper identifies important concerns as they arise in different areas, focusing mainly on the difficulties encountered by various sectors in accessing societal resources like education, housing, employment and fair wage, and economic aid.
T85 8545-8668 Sentence denotes The difficulties often lie in terms of geographic, economic and cultural access.16 Whitehead, & Dahlgren, op. cit. note 11.
T86 8669-8914 Sentence denotes The resources referred to are not readily recognized by non‐medical people as having a huge impact on health although they have long been accepted as social determinants of vulnerability to diseases.17 Wilkinson, R., & Marmot, M. (Eds.). (2003).
T87 8915-8969 Sentence denotes Social Determinants of Health: the Solid Facts 2nd Ed.
T88 8970-9013 Sentence denotes Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
T89 9014-9091 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/108082
T90 9092-9129 Sentence denotes , 18 Cabral, E.I. (2016, April‐June).
T91 9130-9176 Sentence denotes The Philippine Health Agenda for 2016 to 2022.
T92 9177-9217 Sentence denotes Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine.
T93 9218-9224 Sentence denotes 54(2).
T94 9225-9516 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjF6NfbvqTrAhUEGaYKHXg‐Df8QFjABegQIChAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcp.org.ph%2Ffiles%2FPJIM%2520Vol54%2520No2%2FThe_Philippine_Health_Agenda_2016_to_2022.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KRJZMVvrXpyAaJRIzccYS
T95 9517-9707 Sentence denotes It is perhaps for this reason that the lack – or unfair allocation – of pertinent resources has been insufficiently addressed or pushed down the priority order in government decision‐making.
T96 9708-9866 Sentence denotes This paper examines an extensive inventory of reported experiences and explores their consequences and ethical implications as they arise from the inequities.
T97 9867-10073 Sentence denotes It also investigates the interconnected and overlapping health, educational, and cultural fronts in the development of the pandemic and the impact that these have on existing social and economic inequities.
T98 10074-10308 Sentence denotes By examining the way that pertinent resources are accessible to different stakeholders, a fair allocation approach highlights how closely the experiences of various socio‐economic and political sectors are bound inextricably together.
T99 10309-10407 Sentence denotes This is very useful because of the nature and character of the pandemic that we are going through.
T100 10408-10625 Sentence denotes In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic we are forced to accept that the kind of life that each sector of the country’s population experiences is a function of the kind of life that every other sector is experiencing.
T101 10626-10775 Sentence denotes During better times, we manage to live as if we have separate lives whose mutual and interdependent connections we can downplay or entirely overlook.
T102 10776-10881 Sentence denotes This happens because the interconnection is not easily perceived even when it is comprehensively present.
T103 10882-11028 Sentence denotes Perhaps it is partly because we have been conditioned to accept the inequities as an inescapable part of reality in a resource‐challenged country.
T104 11029-11147 Sentence denotes The pandemic has put the interconnectivity among various sectors under the spotlight through the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2.
T105 11148-11220 Sentence denotes By infecting more than 23 million people19 Anonymous. (2020, August 23).
T106 11221-11284 Sentence denotes Reported Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance.
T107 11285-11297 Sentence denotes Worldometer.
T108 11298-11372 Sentence denotes Retrieved August 23, 2020, from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
T109 11373-11557 Sentence denotes of various demographics throughout the world, the virus has manifested its ability to penetrate barriers regardless of nationality, age, ethnic origin, or socio‐economic circumstances.
T110 11558-11682 Sentence denotes There is an undeniably real risk of acquiring infection regardless of who we are and what demographic category we belong to.
T111 11683-11817 Sentence denotes Given the ease of transmission of the virus across the global population, no one can be left untouched by the pandemic’s consequences.
T112 11818-12161 Sentence denotes Even statistical outliers such as billionaires who can pass the time away in secluded vacation spots have to be dependent on other people who maintain their yachts, produce and prepare their food, look after their psychosocial and medical needs, and provide such other services as they might require during their prolonged period of seclusion.
T113 12162-12249 Sentence denotes The ability of these people to provide services can easily be affected by the pandemic.
T114 12250-12517 Sentence denotes This paper proceeds by identifying specific inequities in the Philippines and beyond, exploring how these are being experienced in the context of the pandemic, and examining how problems are being addressed through specific measures in the evolving COVID‐19 response.
T115 12518-12689 Sentence denotes Each section focuses on an area of inequity and discusses the implications of measures being implemented not only for the short term but also for the post‐pandemic period.
T116 12690-12893 Sentence denotes The paper goes on to anticipate the ethical requirements for the post‐pandemic new normal and to make broad recommendations for an ethical framework that ought to govern our transition to the new normal.