| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T504 |
0-292 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, evidence demonstrates n-3 PUFAs and/or their biologically active metabolites have the ability to blunt the expression, production and release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by M1 macrophages (Allam-Ndoul, Guenard, Barbier, & Vohl, 2017; Liu et al., 2014; Mildenberger et al., 2017). |
| T505 |
293-588 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Schoeniger et al., showed n-3 PUFAs have the ability to down-regulate inflammatory processes and reduce the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from RAW 264.7 macrophages infected with microorganisms, R. equi and P. aeruginosa (Schoeniger, Adolph, Fuhrmann, & Schumann, 2011). |
| T506 |
589-836 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, the inhibitory effects of EPA and DHA on the pro-inflammatory NLRP3 inflammasome pathway has also been well-documented in macrophage cell lines as well as in primary human and mouse macrophages (Iverson et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2016). |
| T507 |
837-1016 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Kumar et al., investigated the effects of 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites of ALA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. |
| T508 |
1017-1193 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The findings revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of these metabolites involve inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex through the PPAR-γ pathway (Kumar et al., 2016). |
| T509 |
1194-1521 |
Sentence |
denotes |
N-3 PUFAs can increase the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, which has been shown through the engulfment of zymosan particles (Chang, Lee, Kim, & Surh, 2015), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus equi (Adolph, Fuhrmann, & Schumann, 2012), E.coli (Davidson, Kerr, Guy, & Rotondo, 1998) and apoptotic cells (Chang et al., 2015). |
| T510 |
1522-1848 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It has been suggested the increase in phagocytic capacity of macrophages upon n-3 PUFA treatment could be attributed to changes in the cellular membrane composition and structure caused by the incorporation of the n-3 PUFAs (Hellwing, Tigistu-Sahle, Fuhrmann, Kakela, & Schumann, 2018; Schoeniger, Fuhrmann, & Schumann, 2016). |
| T511 |
1849-2088 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Importantly, n-3 PUFAs have been found to promote M2 polarization in macrophage cell lines and primary mouse macrophages enhancing resolution of inflammation and tissue repair after infection (Chang et al., 2015; Ohue-Kitano et al., 2018). |
| T512 |
2089-2348 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Collectively, the modulatory properties of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system could impart a promising beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system in the context of COVID-19, an effect which needs further exploration and confirmation in larger clinical trials. |
