LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7510993 / 5084-9010 JSONTXT 7 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T27 0-12 Sentence denotes Data sources
T28 13-126 Sentence denotes We compiled geographic data on the number of reported COVID-19 cases per day from December 2019 to June 30, 2020.
T29 127-287 Sentence denotes We collected the numbers of COVID-19 cases for 1,020 countries/regions from various sources (see S1 Appendix for a list of data sources for the COVID-19 cases).
T30 288-448 Sentence denotes We then calculated the length of time (in days) since the onset of COVID-19 spread as defined by the date of the first confirmed case in each country or region.
T31 449-705 Sentence denotes We also examined the number of SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests conducted based on data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) (https://ourworldindata.org/covid-testing) to assess the influence of sampling effort on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19.
T32 706-778 Sentence denotes For each country or region, we compiled several environmental variables.
T33 779-962 Sentence denotes For mapping cases of COVID-19, the longitude and latitude of the largest city and area for each country or region were extracted from GADM maps and data (https://gadm.org/index.html).
T34 963-1298 Sentence denotes Based on the geocoordinates of the cities, we collected the climatic data of mean precipitation (mm month–1) and temperature (°C) from January to June (WorldClim) using WorldClim version 2.1 climate data (https://www.worldclim.org/data/worldclim21.html) at a resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes grid cells that contained a country or region.
T35 1299-1569 Sentence denotes Regarding international travel linked to the disease transmission, we compiled the average annual number of foreign visitors (per year) for individual countries/regions from data published by the World Tourism Organization (https://www.e-unwto.org/toc/unwtotfb/current).
T36 1570-1693 Sentence denotes We then calculated the relative amount of foreign visitors per population of each country or region to use in the analysis.
T37 1694-1976 Sentence denotes Regarding region-specific host susceptibility to COVID-19, we collected data on the following three epidemiologic properties: the proportion of the population aged over 65 years, the malaria incidence (per year), and information regarding bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination.
T38 1977-2203 Sentence denotes We included these attributes in our analyses based on the assumptions that BCG vaccination and/or recurrent treatment with anti-malarial medications could be associated with providing some protection against COVID-19 [13, 14].
T39 2204-3129 Sentence denotes We compiled BCG data from the WHO (https://www.who.int/malaria/data/en/) and (https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.80500?lang=en) and the BCG Atlas Team (http://www.bcgatlas.org/) on the following five attributes: i) the number of years since BCG vaccination was started (BCG_year); ii) the present situation regarding BCG vaccination (BCG_type), split into all vaccinated, partly vaccinated, vaccinated once in the past, or never vaccinated; iii) the relative frequency of post-1980 (i.e., the past 40 years) BCG vaccination for people aged less than 1 year old (BCG_rate); iv) the number of BCG vaccinations (MultipleBCG), describing countries as never having vaccinated their citizens with BCG, vaccinated their citizens with BCG only once, vaccinated their citizens with BCG multiple times in the past, or currently vaccinate their citizens with BCG multiple times; and v) tuberculosis cases per 1 million people (TB).
T40 3130-3187 Sentence denotes These BCG-related variables are strongly intercorrelated.
T41 3188-3503 Sentence denotes Therefore, we reduced the dimensions of these variables (BCG_year, BCG_type, BCG_rate, MultipleBCG, and TB) by extracting the first axis of the PCA analysis: the score of the PCA 1 axis was negatively correlated with the five variables, so the PCA 1 score multiplied by –1 was defined as the BCG vaccination effect.
T42 3504-3567 Sentence denotes We also compiled socioeconomic data for each country or region.
T43 3568-3926 Sentence denotes The population size, population density (per km2) (Gridded Population of the World GPW, v4.; https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/gpw-v4), gross domestic product (GDP in US dollars), and GDP per person were obtained from national census data (World Development Indicators; https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators).