> top > projects > LitCovid-sentences > docs > PMC:7510743 > annotations
LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7510743 JSONTXT 15 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-96 Sentence denotes Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul, South Korea
T2 97-180 Sentence denotes Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul
T3 182-190 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 191-417 Sentence denotes Along with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs, viral RNA was detectable at high concentration for >3 weeks in fecal samples from 12 mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19 in Seoul, South Korea.
T5 418-482 Sentence denotes Saliva also tested positive during the early phase of infection.
T6 483-558 Sentence denotes If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources.
T7 560-851 Sentence denotes In the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children suspected of having the disease is essential for both infection control and establishing a definite causal relationship in unprecedented cases (1,2).
T8 852-1030 Sentence denotes However, efforts are hindered by negative SARS-CoV-2 test results for respiratory specimens and possible cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses among seropositive cases (2,3).
T9 1031-1226 Sentence denotes Little is known about the value of various samples other than nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimens in diagnosing COVID-19 and understanding the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
T10 1227-1365 Sentence denotes Virus RNA was persistently detected in rectal swab specimens in a previous study, although the infectiousness of the virus is unknown (4).
T11 1366-1476 Sentence denotes We analyzed the viral RNA load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in various clinical specimens in children with COVID-19.
T12 1477-1608 Sentence denotes In South Korea, all confirmed case-patients, regardless of disease severity, must be isolated in hospitals or isolation facilities.
T13 1609-1936 Sentence denotes For this study, we included all children <18 years of age who were confirmed to have COVID-19 by positive results for SARS-CoV-2 in combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens and who were hospitalized in Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center during March 8–April 28, 2020.
T14 1937-2077 Sentence denotes We extracted RNA from clinical specimens and detected SARS-CoV-2 by using the Allplex 2019-nCoV Assay kit (Seegene, http://www.seegene.com).
T15 2078-2186 Sentence denotes We performed quantitation of the viral RNA with a standard curve constructed using in vitro transcribed RNA.
T16 2187-2307 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the institutional review board at SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center; written consent was waived.
T17 2308-2415 Sentence denotes We included 12 children in the study; 9 were mildly symptomatic and 3 were asymptomatic (Appendix Table 1).
T18 2416-2466 Sentence denotes Median age was 6.5 years (range 27 days–16 years).
T19 2467-2626 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in all 12 children, and 11 (92%) had positive RNA in their fecal specimens (Appendix Table 2).
T20 2627-2697 Sentence denotes We collected saliva samples from 11 children; 8 (73%) tested positive.
T21 2698-2866 Sentence denotes Viral RNA load in the nasopharyngeal swabs peaked early at median 7.56 (range 6.19–10.56) log10 copies/mL and decreased over time (p<0.001 for trend) (Figure, panel A).
T22 2867-2962 Sentence denotes The positivity of the specimens was 75% during week 2 and 55% during week 3 (Appendix Table 2).
T23 2963-3137 Sentence denotes In comparison, the median initial fecal RNA load was 7.68 (range <4.10–10.27) log10 copies/mL and remained steadily high (p = 0.148 for trend) for >3 weeks (Figure, panel B).
T24 3138-3169 Sentence denotes Fecal positivity remained >80%.
T25 3170-3390 Sentence denotes The median RNA load in fecal samples was significantly higher than that for nasopharyngeal swab specimens during week 2 (7.26 vs. 6.19 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.006) and week 3 (7.61 versus 5.49 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.006).
T26 3391-3500 Sentence denotes Except for 1 case, the RNA load in saliva declined rapidly with time (p = 0.003 for trend) (Figure, panel C).
T27 3501-3603 Sentence denotes Positivity in saliva samples was 80% in week 1 but dropped sharply to 33% in week 2 and 11% in week 3.
T28 3604-3834 Sentence denotes Figure Changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral RNA load in A) nasopharyngeal swabs, B) feces, and C) saliva of mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with coronavirus disease over time, South Korea.
T29 3835-3938 Sentence denotes The thick red line indicates trend in viral RNA load over time, and the shaded areas represent 95% CIs.
T30 3939-4008 Sentence denotes The dashed line indicates the detection limit (1.25 × 104 copies/mL).
T31 4009-4085 Sentence denotes Specimens with undetectable viral RNA loads are shown under the dashed line.
T32 4086-4211 Sentence denotes Days after onset indicates days after symptom onset for symptomatic patients, days after diagnosis for asymptomatic patients.
T33 4212-4353 Sentence denotes We collected urine specimens from the 12 patients after a median of 3 (range 0–8) days and plasma specimens at 2 (range 0–8) days from onset.
T34 4354-4467 Sentence denotes Of these, urine samples of 2 (17%) patients tested positive (median load 5.69 [range 3.82–7.55] log10 copies/mL).
T35 4468-4532 Sentence denotes Only 1 (8%) patient, 27 days of age, had RNA detected in plasma.
T36 4533-4685 Sentence denotes Symptomatic children had higher initial RNA load in nasopharyngeal swab specimens than asymptomatic children (9.01 vs. 6.32 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.048).
T37 4686-4792 Sentence denotes We observed no significant differences in feces and in saliva and no correlation between RNA load and age.
T38 4793-4904 Sentence denotes In this study, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces of 92% of mildly ill or asymptomatic children with COVID-19.
T39 4905-5086 Sentence denotes In addition, the RNA load in feces remained steadily high, whereas that in nasopharyngeal swab specimens and saliva declined with time in both symptomatic and asymptomatic children.
T40 5087-5283 Sentence denotes The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces does not necessarily mean that infectious virus is present; thus, lack of virus isolation in our study limits interpretation in the context of infectivity.
T41 5284-5405 Sentence denotes However, viable virus was isolated in feces in previous studies, and infectivity was dependent on viral RNA load (3,5,6).
T42 5406-5615 Sentence denotes Considering these findings, proper handwashing when changing diapers in infants and adequate hygiene measures in restrooms are recommended to prevent the potential spread of the virus among household contacts.
T43 5616-5815 Sentence denotes Our findings also suggest that feces is a promising and reliable source for detecting both current and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection because the viral RNA is present in high loads for a prolonged time.
T44 5816-5939 Sentence denotes Fecal specimens could aid in seeking the etiologic relationship between COVID-19 and unexpected manifestations in children.
T45 5940-6049 Sentence denotes We also detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva during the early phase of the infection for a short period of time.
T46 6050-6209 Sentence denotes Live virus was isolated in saliva in a previous study, and the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus through normal speaking has been raised (7,8).
T47 6210-6390 Sentence denotes Although the viral load in saliva drops rapidly, our findings suggest the necessity for children to wear masks, especially in schools, where children would talk in close proximity.
T48 6391-6399 Sentence denotes Appendix
T49 6400-6492 Sentence denotes Additional information about the study of viral RNA load in children with COVID-19 in Seoul.
T50 6494-6530 Sentence denotes Suggested citation for this article:
T51 6531-6587 Sentence denotes Han MS, Seong M-W, Kim N, Shin S, Cho SI, Park H, et al.
T52 6588-6672 Sentence denotes Viral RNA load in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19, Seoul.
T53 6673-6690 Sentence denotes Emerg Infect Dis.
T54 6691-6754 Sentence denotes 2020 month [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.202449
T55 6755-6808 Sentence denotes 1 These authors contributed equally to this article.
T56 6810-7046 Sentence denotes About the Author Dr. Han is a clinical assistant professor in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics at Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
T57 7047-7158 Sentence denotes Her research interests include respiratory virus infections and infectious diseases in immunocompromised hosts.