LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7463108 / 96929-100232 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1235 0-55 Sentence denotes Modeling the Pharmacology of Opioid Self-Administration
T1236 56-278 Sentence denotes Opiate self-administration as seen with addiction can have different CNS consequences than “steady-state” (e.g., continuous via a pump or time-release drug implant) exposure to the same drug (Kreek 1987, 2001; Kreek et al.
T1237 279-394 Sentence denotes 2002), and we predict the pharmacokinetic differences in opiate exposure will markedly impact neuroHIV progression.
T1238 395-650 Sentence denotes Differential effects based on “on-off” and “steady-state” drug administration schedules have been reported for the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the endogenous opioid system, and the dopamine system (Kreek 1973; Kreek et al.
T1239 651-670 Sentence denotes 2002; George et al.
T1240 671-677 Sentence denotes 2012).
T1241 678-872 Sentence denotes Acute opiate exposure typically activates the HPA axis, corticotropin releasing factor, and peripheral steroidogenesis in a species-dependent manner (Koob and Kreek 2007; Cleck and Blendy 2008).
T1242 873-999 Sentence denotes Alternatively, chronic self-administration of short-acting opiates suppresses diurnal cortisol rhythmicity (Facchinetti et al.
T1243 1000-1018 Sentence denotes 1984; Vuong et al.
T1244 1019-1140 Sentence denotes 2010), while opiate withdrawal typically evokes HPA activation (Culpepper-Morgan and Kreek 1997; Kreek 2007; Paris et al.
T1245 1141-1147 Sentence denotes 2020).
T1246 1148-1338 Sentence denotes The daily, repeated bouts of relative withdrawal seen with opiate addiction cause sustained HPA activation, stress (Koob and Kreek 2007; Koob 2020), and immune suppression (Eisenstein 2019).
T1247 1339-1490 Sentence denotes Importantly, maintenance therapy with the long-acting drug methadone achieves steady-dose opiate levels and normalization of the HPA axis (Kreek 1973).
T1248 1491-1623 Sentence denotes Further, it is known that HIV infection significantly alters the HPA axis, due to CNS toxicity and cytokine production (Costa et al.
T1249 1624-1682 Sentence denotes 2000; George and Bhangoo 2013; Chrousos and Zapanti 2014).
T1250 1683-1864 Sentence denotes Additionally, the nature of opiate exposure in the context of neuroHIV needs to be considered as it may induce different outcomes on neurotransmitter metabolism and gene expression.
T1251 1865-2008 Sentence denotes Specifically, the NAc shell demonstrates molecular and structural changes associated with intravenous heroin self-administration (Jacobs et al.
T1252 2009-2015 Sentence denotes 2005).
T1253 2016-2323 Sentence denotes Moreover, earlier studies have reported differential alterations in the turnover rates of various neurotransmitters for active versus passive morphine administration, including dopamine, serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, aspartate, and glutamate during exposure to morphine (Smith et al.
T1254 2324-2336 Sentence denotes 1982, 1984).
T1255 2337-2615 Sentence denotes The disruptions were noticed specifically in brain regions involved in reinforcement processes, including the NAc, frontal cortex, and striatum, and encompassed increased dopamine and norepinephrine levels and turnover, which are central in opiate reward processes (Smith et al.
T1256 2616-2622 Sentence denotes 1982).
T1257 2623-2864 Sentence denotes Heroin abuse is known to downregulate dopaminergic activity in the NAc and may reflect a compensatory reduction in of dopamine biosynthesis in response to excessive dopaminergic stimulation resulting from chronic opiate exposure (Kish et al.
T1258 2865-2871 Sentence denotes 2001).
T1259 2872-2956 Sentence denotes Additionally, HIV is known to interfere with dopamine neurotransmission (Nath et al.
T1260 2957-2978 Sentence denotes 2000b; Gaskill et al.
T1261 2979-3089 Sentence denotes 2017) causing reductions in presynaptic dopamine terminals and dopamine transport in the striatum (Wang et al.
T1262 3090-3108 Sentence denotes 2004; Chang et al.
T1263 3109-3127 Sentence denotes 2008; Midde et al.
T1264 3128-3140 Sentence denotes 2012, 2015).
T1265 3141-3303 Sentence denotes The decline in dopamine function may exacerbate opioid abuse tendencies and drug-seeking behaviors as the rewarding effects of opioids are discounted by neuroHIV.